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Section 2

Section 2. THE AXIS ADVANCES!!!. Today’s Standard. 10.8 Students analyze the causes and consequences of World War II.

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Section 2

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  1. Section 2 • THE AXIS ADVANCES!!!

  2. Today’s Standard • 10.8 Students analyze the causes and consequences of World War II. 3. Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions, with emphasis on the importance of geographic factors.

  3. Today’s Objectives • Identify and discuss the immediate causes of World War II by taking Cornell notes and class discussion. • Identify the main theaters of conflict in WWII and explain the significance of each area by taking Cornell notes and participating in class discussion.

  4. Essential Question • Which regions were attacked and occupied by the Axis powers, and what was life like under their occupation?

  5. Hitler’s Lightning War Blitzkrieg

  6. Germany Sparks New European War • 10-year nonaggression pact with Stalin (U.S.S.R.) – Aug. 23, 1939

  7. Axis and Allies Germany • Adolf Hitler Italy • Benito Mussolini Japan • Emperor Hirohito Great Britain - • Winston Churchill France • Charles de Gaulle Soviet Union (USSR) • Joseph Stalin

  8. Germany Sparks New European War • Blitzkrieg (lightening War) invasion of Poland – Sept. 1, 1939.

  9. Germany Sparks New European War • Sept. 3, Britain & France declare war • “Phony War” – 7 month calm • Germany invades Denmark & Norway in April 1940; both surrender

  10. One People, One Empire, One Leader!

  11. The Battle for France • Germany sweeps through Holland, Belgium, & Luxembourg • France invaded - May 1940 • Allied troops escape from Dunkirk • Italy joins Germany & declares war on France & Britain - June 10 • France surrenders - June 22

  12. The Battle of Britain: Summer 1940 – May 10, 1941 • Britain stands alone against Nazis • RAF’s 2,900 planes to Nazis 4,500

  13. The Battle of Britain Con’t • Sept. cities are bombed (London) • Britain’s advantages: radar & Enigma • Hitler calls off attacks • Allies learn: Hitler’s advances could be blocked

  14. Mediterranean Fighting • Germany & Italy attack N. Africa • They want Oil & Egypt (British)

  15. Mediterranean Fighting • Brits fight well– 130,000 Italian POW’s • Erwin Rommel’s Afrika Korps takes Tobruk • Fought from March 1941 to Jan. 1942 • Staggering defeat for British

  16. The Eastern Front • Hitler takes Balkans in April 1941– Yugoslavia & Greece

  17. The Eastern Front • Hitler invades U.S.S.R. – June 1941 • Hitler penetrates 500 miles while Soviets “slash & burn”

  18. The Eastern Front • Leningrad & Moscow repel Nazis • 1 million Russians die • 500,000 German soldiers lost

  19. Nazis Commit Genocide

  20. The Holocaust

  21. Setting the Stage • Germans call themselves Aryans they believe they’re Master Race • Kristallnacht – Nov. 9, 1938 • Holocaust = Mass slaughter of European Jews • The Nuremberg Laws (1935) • Citizenship revoked; deprived of jobs & property; Star of David

  22. Flight & Isolation • Flood of Jewish refugees • Nations close doors • Euro. Jews isolated in “ghettos” • Ghettos were used to keep Jews separated from the rest of the population. • Sealed w/ barbed wire & stone walls • Goal: starve or die from disease Starving children in Warsaw ghetto

  23. Heinrich Himmler, Head of SS

  24. Ukrainian Jew about to be murdered A member of Einsatzgruppe D prepares to shoot a Ukrainian Jew,who is forced to kneel before a mass grave full of other victims.

  25. A German policeman shoots individual Jewish women who remain alive in the ravine after the mass execution. (1942)

  26. Jews Executed in Nazi-Occupied Ukraine

  27. A group of children just before they were executed by an Einsatzkommando(Soviet Union, wartime. Central State Archives of Film, Photo and Phonographic Documents of the Latvian SSR, USHMM Photo). Group of Children just before their Execution, USSR

  28. Hitler’s “Final Solution” • The Nazi plan to engage in a Genocide against the Jewish population • Genocide = systematic killing of an entire people • Targeted Jews, gypsies, Poles, Russians, homosexuals, the insane, the disabled, & incurably ill • Mass executions, concentration camps, & death camps

  29. Auschwitz

  30. Mass Exterminations • Final Stage = 1942 (Final Solution) • 6 death camps in Poland • Gas chambers – 6,000 deaths a day • Poisoned with cyanide gas • Ovens used to burn bodies Crematoria ovens in Buchenwald camp Bodies at Buchenwald

  31. Corpses in Belsen

  32. Mass Grave in Bergen-Belsen

  33. Dachau Freezing Experiments

  34. Jewish children, victims of medical experiments in Auschwitz

  35. The Holocaust Dietrich Bonhoeffer • Some Jewish resistance and help from non-Jewish people • Dietrich Bonhoeffer – famous Christian leader • Oscar Schindler – businessman who saved over 1,000 Jews • 90% of Jews in Poland killed during Holocaust Oscar Schindler

  36. Little Polish Boy

  37. “Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever…Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust…Never.” Elie Wiesel from Night Quick-Write What do you think this quote means? How does it reflect the horrors of the Holocaust? (60 words)

  38. Holocaust Assignment On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following : After learning about the Holocaust, explain why it happened, what happened and why is it important that we learn ABOUT it and FROM it. One paragraph, minimum 6-8 complete sentences.

  39. Japan Attacks the U.S. December 7, 1941

  40. Japan Seeks a Pacific Empire Isoroku Yamamoto • Japan is overcrowded & has shortages of raw materials • Military leaders encourage nationalism and begin building a Pacific empire • Chinese resistance strains Japan’s economy • Japan makes plans to take Southeast Asia

  41. U.S. Responds U.S. wants to protect colonies: • Sends aid to China • Cuts off oil shipments to Japan in July 1941 • Lend-Lease Act: allowed the US to lend war materials to any country whose defense is of interest to U.S. safety • Yamamoto fears U.S. presence in Pacific

  42. Pearl Harbor – December 7, 1941 • Japanese surprise attack • Nearly whole Pacific fleet damaged • 2,348 Americans killed • More than 1,000 wounded • Roosevelt: “a date which will live in infamy.” • On Dec. 8 Congress declares war

  43. Japan’s Pacific Victories • Battle for the Philippines (Jan. 1942) • Bataan Death March (Jan. 1942) - The transfer of over 90,000 American POW’s, resulting in death due to their brutal treatment by the Japanese • Conquers 1 million square miles of land  about 150 million people (1942) • Brutal treatment for 150,000 POW’s

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