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California State Test

California State Test. Grade 8. America Before the Constitution. Great Awakening -Religious movement (1700s) encouraged political independence Declaration of Independence -Formal break from Great Britain Revolutionary War - Won freedom from Britain; started democracy

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California State Test

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  1. California State Test Grade 8

  2. America Before the Constitution • Great Awakening -Religious movement (1700s) encouraged political independence • Declaration of Independence -Formal break from Great Britain • Revolutionary War - Won freedom from Britain; started democracy • Stole England’s idea of Parliament (2 house government) for our Congress

  3. Articles of Confederation • Loosely bound the new United States • Strong States but weak federal Gov’t • Federal Gov’t could not do anything so they had to come up with a better plan • Shays’ & Whiskey Rebellion- Threatened to end American government

  4. Roots of the U.S. Constitution • Magna Carta – (England) Limited English kings’ powers; has to follow laws • English Bill Of Rights- Limited English monarchs’ powers; can’t change laws • Mayflower Compact- decided on the idea of Self-government when they got to the Americas • Articles of Confederation- National government with limited powers; failed • Federalist Papers- Essays supporting a new constitution, by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton • Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom- Government cannot force religion on someone • James Madison- “Father of the Constitution”; rewrote constitution

  5. U.S. Constitution - Articles • Article I: Forms Congress - Senate and House of Representatives (Legislative) • Article II: Forms Presidency and Cabinet (Executive) • Article III: Forms Supreme Court and court system (Judicial) • Article IV: States’ laws respected; new states added • Article V: Changing (amending) law of the land • Article VI: Supremacy clause; national government overrides state government • Article VII: Ratified -Constitution approved • Bill of Rights - Rights of American citizens (1-10) • State’s Rights- Belief that states have more rights than national government

  6. Participation in American Politics • Jefferson’s Ideas: Strict construction; anti-national bank; anti-tariff; pro-agrarian (farming); expand voting rights • Hamilton’s Ideas: Loose construction; pro-national bank; pro-tariff; anti-agrarian; restrict voting rights • Washington ended Whiskey Rebellion with force to make states understand the athe Federal gov’t was strong

  7. America’s First Leader’s Expectations for our new Country • Sectionalism- Supported region rather than nation • George Washington’s Farewell Address – He said No foreign alliances or political parties • President Jefferson’s Ideas: Strict construction; anti-national bank; anti-tariff; pro-agrarian (farming); expand voting rights

  8. Foreign Policy(How we deal with other Countries) • Pres. Jefferson- Louisiana Purchase- Brought from France; doubled the size of U.S. • Pres. Jefferson- Native Americans- Led by Tecumseh to stop westward expansion • Pres. Madison- War of 1812- U.S. defeated Britain; rise in patriotism (GO!! America!!) • Pres. Monroe Doctrine- Europe can’t interfere with the Americas

  9. USThe North • Economy: Trade, manufacturing, transportation • Politics: Pro-tariff; mainly anti-slavery (Republican) • Society: Wealthy, middle class, immigrants, poor • Reform Movements: • Opportunities for African Americans- Fredrick Douglass, Harriet Beecher Stowe • education reforms – Horace Mann • women’s rights – Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton

  10. U.S. The South • Economy: Agrarian (cotton, tobacco farming) • Politics: Pro-slavery, anti-tariff (Democrat) • Society: Plantation system; wealthy planter, sharecroppers, slaves • Slavery: Horrible conditions; slave revolts (Denmark Vesey, Nat Turner, Harriet Tubman)

  11. U.S. The West • Manifest Destiny: America’s destiny to move westward • Economy: Farming; mining (gold, silver) • California Gold Rush – 49ers • Society: Frontier difficult; women and men worked on farms • Texas War for Independence: Texas v. Mexico; started war when Texas was admitted as slave state • U.S. victory; gained land to Pacific Ocean • New Mexico Territory and Utah Teritory

  12. The Fight Over Slavery Begins • Slavery before the Revolutionary War -Quakers (Pennsylvania) • The Constitution and slavery- Slaves 3/5 of a person • Slaves Escape the South: • Harriet Tubman- Conductor of Underground Railroad • William Lloyd Garrison -Abolitionist leader and writer • Fredrick Douglass- Author

  13. The Fight Over Slavery Continues • Missouri Compromise: Missouri – slave state/ Maine – free state; U.S. balanced; line no slavery in north • Compromise of 1850: CA – free state; TX given money; Mexican Cession in half (New Mexico and Utah decide by popular sovereignty); south gets fugitive slave laws • Kansas-Nebraska Act: Louisiana Purchase divided in 2; voters decide on slavery • Dred Scott Case: African Americans not citizens, no rights and Missouri Comp. Line illegal

  14. The Civil War • North - Small states; connected by railroads; factories • South - Larger states; less railroads; farms • President Lincoln (16th) during Civil War; • Emancipation Proclamation - freed slaves • War fought for liberty, equality, democracy • Freed slaves in Confederacy, not other states • Promoted peace for North and South • Ulysses S. Grant - Commanded Western Union army, then entire Union Army • Robert E Lee - Virginian commander of Confederate Army • Jefferson Davis - President of Confederacy

  15. Civil War Battles • Fort Sumter (started war) • Battle of Antietam (bloodiest) • Battle of Gettysburg (turning point) • Appomattox (not battle, ended war) • Lee surrenders to Grant • !!!Union Wins!!!

  16. Reconstruction • Goal: Reuniting and rebuilding nation • Freedman’s Bureau - Relief agency for poor Southerners • Jim Crow Laws - Segregation laws (forced racial separation) • 13th - slavery illegal • 14th - citizens legally protected • 15th – All American men can vote • Ku Klux Klan - violence and terror

  17. 15th Amendment: • 19th Amendment: • 26th Amendment:

  18. Industrial Revolution • Reasons for Battles with Native American’s - Americans moved west for land and gold • Grangerism and Populism - Farmers’ political groups • Inventors – • Thomas Edison (light bulb) • Alexander Bell (telephone) • Henry Ford (car) • Wright brothers (plane) • Samuel Slater (textile mills)

  19. Industrial Revolution Continued . . . • Entrepreneurs (Start Businesses) - A. Carnegie (steel); J.D. Rockefeller (oil); Stanford (railroad) • Industry Caused - Urban growth, problems, reforms • 2nd Wave of Immigration- from Southern and Eastern Europe; worked low paying jobs • Labor Movements - Protested to improve working conditions and wages

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