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Injuries to the Overhead Athlete: Risk, Prevention & Performance Optimization

Injuries to the Overhead Athlete: Risk, Prevention & Performance Optimization. Risk Factors & Epidemiology Prevention – What Works Performance & Prevention – Stretching Performance & Prevention – Strength, Coordination, Stamina When Prevention doesn’t work.

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Injuries to the Overhead Athlete: Risk, Prevention & Performance Optimization

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  1. Injuries to the Overhead Athlete: Risk, Prevention & Performance Optimization • Risk Factors & Epidemiology • Prevention – What Works • Performance & Prevention – Stretching • Performance & Prevention – Strength, Coordination, Stamina • When Prevention doesn’t work

  2. How Many Athletes? (recreational and competitive) • 19 million amateur baseball players • 25% are pitchers (Medco) • 26 million golfers USA • 25% > 65yo!(Parziale) • ?? Million tennis players • Volleyball second only to soccer in world popularity (Reeser) • 8 million in martial arts (Zetaruk)

  3. How many get hurt and in which sport?20% all visits to ER for sports injuries (Systema)

  4. What areas get hurt the most?Ankle injuries 21% all sports injuries. (Maffulli) • Ankle: 21% • Hand & Wrist 2 – 8% • Shoulder 7% • Re-dislocation 100% • Elbow common (Maffulli)

  5. What Kind of Injuries?Strains/Sprains most common – 52% Injuries. (Rechel)

  6. What Kind of Injuries? Softball (HS) 25% injuries = overuse 42% leg, 33% arm injuries (Bonza) Tennis (adults): 1.5 injuries/player/yr 35% incidence tennis elbow (Pluim) increased risk with age

  7. What Kind of Injuries? Golf: • 83% Overuse Injuries • Females – Elbow, wrist or shoulder injuries • Males – more low back injuries • Significant number due to golf cart injuries, struck club/ball, and falls (7%)

  8. What Kind of Injuries? • LIMIT number pitches: • 75 per game • 600 per season (1999 medco) • Will vary by age group (learn your teams guidelines – girls too!) • Baseball (Lyman) • ½ all 9 – 14 yo’s had shoulder (SP) or elbow pain (EP) in a season • Curve ball 52% SP risk • Slider 86% EP risk • Little League Elbow/Shoulder, rotator cuff injuries, labral tears, elbow lat ligament tears common. • RISK DIRECTLY RELATED TO NUMBER OF PITCHES in GAME & SEASON!

  9. What increases risk of overuse injuries? •  Risk overuse injuries if: • Inflexible (4x UE injuries if shdr IR >25’espec in baseball) • Weak • Excessive height/weight • Decreased motor skills • Decreased balance • No warm-ups (Fradkin) • Risk behavior or coping skills •  Risk overuse injuries: • Anatomical or biomechanical abnormalities or changes • Predisposing diseases • More susceptible growth plate injuries during growth spurts. (Frisch) • During periods of increased life stressors (Frisch)

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