The American Society of Golf Course Architects

1. The American Society of Golf Course Architects Radial Slides in Bunkers The Soulution Jerry Lemons ASGCA Associate President / Chief Design Officer Lemons Golf Design Lee Trevino Golf Design

2. Bunker Construction Soil Base Water enters sand then stops at clay. Water must move horizontally through sand to enter drain.

3. Beginning of a radial slide Soil Base Once the sand is saturated with water any sand on steep sloped faces begins to move.

4. Water hits the clay and has nowhere to go so it forces the sand to slide down the bank of the bunker

5. Contamination Problems The sand has slid down the face with soil from the bunker slopes. The sand is now contaminated with clay and will begin to perform poorly. A layer of silt covers the top of the bunker and prevents water movement vertically. The drainage slows and the sand goes from white to the color of the soil. Sand must be shovel back up for play to resume.

6. Drainage failure from Contaminated sand

7. Gravel Layer with Polymer Using a 2” layer of gravel, glued to stay in place, the water now enters the rock layer and moves horizontally quickly to the drain lines preventing a slide, contamination and the movement of the sand

9. 4” wall for Sand

10. Treat Sand

12. Polymer Glued Rock!