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Double Jeopardy

This article discusses the hazards and uses of various organic solvents, including their effects on health and the industries they are commonly used in. It provides information on the chemicals mentioned, their properties, and the potential risks associated with exposure.

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Double Jeopardy

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  1. Double Jeopardy

  2. Used for making phosphates, detergents, fertilizer. When ingested, causes smoking luminescent stools Phosphorus (yellow or white)

  3. “Universal Solvent” Penetrates most plastics (makes them swell) Acrylic fiber production, paint strippers Dimethylformamide (DMF): CLN, steatosis

  4. Heat transfer liquid (transformers/ hydraulic fluid) Fumigant in vineyards (don’t confuse with Bordeaux= copper sulfate) Hexachloro-1,3-Butadiene (HCBD): (hepatic fatty degeneration)

  5. Halogenated hydrocarbon which clasically causes liver injury Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)

  6. Paint remover, solvent for plastics (dissolves PVC) • Dimethylacetamide (DMAC)

  7. - Fumigant, solvent - Production of dye, lubricants, adhesives, drugs - Penetrates rubber - Sweet, chloroform odor has poor warning property Epichlorohydrin

  8. Solvent in plastics/ rubber Ethylenediamine

  9. Use in dyes, fungicides, veterinary antihelminthic O-Phenylenediamine (OPD): severe dermatitis

  10. Polymer production Flocculator (separate solids from aqueous solutions in sewage) Acrylamides

  11. Cross-linking properties Making: polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA= plexiglass) Acrylates

  12. Uses: Producing polyurethane polymers VERY common cause of occupational asthma (HP) Toluene diisocyante (TDI)

  13. Uses: dyes, solvent, emulsifier (skin creams/ latex) Ethylenediamine (EDA)

  14. Enamels, bonding, synthesis of malathion In addition to occupational asthma, can cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) Maleic Anhydride Trimeletic anhydride

  15. Plasticizing for vinyl, plastics (PVC)… Diethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP):

  16. Chemical derived from the chrysanthemum Used as an insecticide Can cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) Pyrethrum

  17. Polymer production, flocculator • (separate solids from aqueous solutions in sewage) • - Water treatment, paper, oil, grout Acrylamides

  18. Uses: Photographic, hot tub chemicals, fumigants... Bromides (methyl bromide)

  19. Volatile organic solvent Cold vulcanization of rubber, rayon Carbon disulfide

  20. Used in plastics, styrofoam, insulation, paint Styrene

  21. 4 Different Agents: Halogenated hydrocarbon, industrial solvent/ degreaser which causes a myelinopathy rather than axonopathy Plasticizer in lacquer, hydraulic fluid (Jake leg) Used as a solvent in paints, lacquers, ink thinners, glues, and resins. Acetone odor. Industrial solvent classically causing axonopathy • 1. Trichloroethylene (myelinopathy) • Triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP) • Methy-n-butyl ketone (MnBK) • n-hexane

  22. Polymer production Flocculator (separate solids from aqueous solutions in sewage) Acrylamides (rodents: tibial & optic nerve degeneration)

  23. Volatile organic solvent Cold vulcanization of rubber, rayon Carbon disulfide (heart, CNS, craniofacial)

  24. A solvent used as a fluid in transformers, capacitors, and as a coolant A persistent organic pollutant, banned in US in 1979 PCB’s: Cola-colored skin IUGR Skull calcifications

  25. Sources of this toxin are primarily from environmental release of elemental mercury Methylmercury (CP-like syndrome)

  26. Carbon monoxide is a teratogen (cerebral atrophy, MR, death). What organic solvent is metabolized to CO-? Methylene chloride

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