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Terminology. MBO = Management Buy-Out (USA =LBO, Leveraged Buy-Out)The purchase of a business by its existing management teamMBI = Management Buy-InSimilar, but the Entrepreneurs leading the transaction will be from OUTSIDE the companyLeveraged = Using external financing, debt and equity. MBO /
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1. Management Buy-Outs and Leveraged Buy-ins
2. Terminology MBO = Management Buy-Out
(USA =LBO, Leveraged Buy-Out)
The purchase of a business by its existing management team
MBI = Management Buy-In
Similar, but the Entrepreneurs leading the transaction will be from OUTSIDE the company
Leveraged = Using external financing, debt and equity BIMBO – advantage of insider knowledge + external expertiseBIMBO – advantage of insider knowledge + external expertise
3. MBO / MBI s and Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship can involve the purchase of an existing business as well as the creation of a new one.
Leading individuals in MBO/MBIs display similar characteristics and motivations to those of Entrepreneurs generally. Key to successful business venture = high quality managment teamKey to successful business venture = high quality managment team
4. Why do MBO / MBIs Occur? Typically, because of corporate restructuring activity, leading the parent company to want to divest a subsidiary.
BOs are the most common method of privatisation
Or, in the private arena, if an entrepreneur has no family to succeed him/her in the business
Significant levels of business exist – in 1999 this represented $50bn in value
An increasing proportion is in private companies – in the UK in 1998 half of all MBO/MBIs were in private organisations.
Focus on ‘core’ businessFocus on ‘core’ business
5. Why do Management teams do Buy-Outs? Competitive reasons:
To acquire additional skills and competencies
To secure a source of supply, or distribution
To acquire new technologies
Plus:
The entrepreneurial realisation of an opportunity
To speed market entry
To get assets cheaply
To acquire an opportunity in the form of an enterprise which is not realising its full potential The management teams sees entrepreneurial opportunity that is nor being realisedThe management teams sees entrepreneurial opportunity that is nor being realised
6. WHY? Opportunity to enhance performance (commonly for privatisations
Retaining the management team gives additional stability
Wealth Creation – studies prove that in the short term after a buy-out there is substantial improvements in profitability, cashflow and productivity measures Because of improved working capital mangement, credit management, and productivityBecause of improved working capital mangement, credit management, and productivity
7. MBO vs MBI MBI
Typically involve extensive restructuring (traditional accusations of asset stripping)
Performance generally less strong than MBOs
Therefore pure MBIs (lacking in knowledge of this particular business) are often replaced by the hybrid BIMBO
8. MBO vs MBI MBO
Recent research shows the importance of innovative behaviour, and new product development, which may not otherwise have happened
Significantly better performance over 3-5 years than comparable non-buy-outs
9. Rewards ŁŁŁŁŁ
Because of the way deals are structured, the management team will often be given a larger percentage of the equity than is warranted just by their Ł investment
Equity ownership gives increased entrepreneurial control and opportunity to develop their own strategy
10. Costs / Risks Cost:
Is the cheapest disposal option for the existing owner
Risk for the Management team
Do they genuinely have the skills to make it work?
Faced with an MBO opportunity, the management often have little idea what is involved (but have to learn quickly)
Very hard work, doesn’t always work out
If external financing is involved (particularly VC) the banks will put the management team under a lot of pressure, and usually appoint their own FD, and non-exec Chairman. Plessy – WOund products
‘Deal Fatigue’Plessy – WOund products
‘Deal Fatigue’
11. Sources Birley,S. and Muzyaka, D. Mastering Entrepreneurship Financial Times Prentice Hall
Carter S. and Jones-Evans, D. Enterprise and Small Business Financial Times Prentice Hall
Wickham, P.A. Strategic Entrepreneurship Fiancial Times Prentice Hall