Motivation

1. Motivation

2. Overview • What is Motivation? • Motivation Theories • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y • Tips for Motivating Subordinates • Case Study

3. Webster’s Definition MOTIVATION: an impulse, emotion, desire or psychological need acting as incitement to action. Kanfer’s view: motivation is anything that provides: direction intensity persistence

4. IS INTERNAL Motivation Defined Getting people doing what needs to be done because they want to do it. MOTIVATION

5. Motivation’s Three Steps * Begins with need * Action to address need * Need satisfied

6. Motivation Defined Motivation Chain Ability Desire Reward

7. PsychologicalSchools of Thought * Psychoanalytic – outside influences affect Motivation * Behaviorist – behavior modification affects motivation * Human Relations – allowing more individual authority affects motivation

8. Maslow’sHierarchy of Needs

9. Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

10. SUPERVISORY QUALITIES ENHANCED BY KNOWING: - A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior and - Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people

11. Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

12. SURVIVAL Food Clothing Shelter

13. Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

14. SAFETY Physical Safety Psychological Safety HomeHealthJobRetirement From HarmInsurance Savings

15. Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

16. BELONGING Love Acceptance Approval Warmth

17. Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

18. ESTEEM - EGO Recognition Worth Status Self-Respect

19. Self-Actualization Ego Belonging Safety Survival

20. SELF-ACTUALIZATION Personal Self-Fulfillment Growth Realizing Potential

21. Reminder - A lower level need must be satisfied before the next higher level becomes important in motivating behavior and - Only relatively unsatisfied needs are capable of motivating people

22. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

23. McGregor’s Theory X • People, by nature, don’t like to work • People lack ambition and must be coerced or forced to work • People prefer to be told what to do • People resist change • People are gullible and not overly intelligent

24. McGregor’s Theory X • Hard Approach • Coercion • Tight controls • over behavior

25. McGregor’s Theory X Soft Approach Satisfying People’s Demands Achieving Harmony

26. McGregor’s Theory Y • People mayactively seek work instead of avoiding it • People prefer participative management • People prefer setting their own goals • People seek responsibility

27. Theory X - External control - Hard and soft approach Theory Y - Internal or self-control - Environment approach - Create opportunities McGregor’s TheoriesA Comparative Snapshot

28. Tips for Motivating Followers • Start with a goal or mission • Make the task clear • Match the people with the task • Remove the roadblocks • Give positive feedback

29. Tips for Motivating Followers • Give more responsibility when appropriate • Let people work independently • Recognize achievements / contributions • Don’t make promises you can’t keep • Be a good role model

30. SUMMARY • What is Motivation? • Motivation Theories • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y • Motivational Examples • Tips for Motivating Subordinates • Case Study