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The Muscular System Pictures

The Muscular System Pictures. Epimysium. Epimysium. Bone. Perimysium. Endomysium. Tendon. Muscle fiber in middle of a fascicle. (b). Blood vessel. Fascicle (wrapped by perimysium). Endomysium (between individual muscle fibers). Perimysium. Fascicle. Muscle fiber. (a).

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The Muscular System Pictures

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  1. The Muscular System Pictures

  2. Epimysium Epimysium Bone Perimysium Endomysium Tendon Muscle fiber in middle of a fascicle (b) Blood vessel Fascicle (wrapped by perimysium) Endomysium (between individual muscle fibers) Perimysium Fascicle Muscle fiber (a)

  3. Part of a skeletal muscle fiber (cell) I band A band I band Z line H zone Z line Myofibril M line Sarcolemma Triad: T tubule • • Terminal cisternae of the SR (2) Sarcolemma Tubules of the SR Myofibrils Mitochondria

  4. Myofibrils Sarcolemma Nucleus Mitochondrion Myofibril Dark A band Light I band

  5. Features of a Sarcomere Thin (actin) filament Z line H zone Z line Thick (myosin) filament I band A band Sarcomere I band M line Sarcomere Z line Z line M line Thin (actin) filament Elastic (titin) filaments Thick (myosin) filament

  6. Longitudinal section of filaments within one sarcomere of a myofibril Thick filament Thin filament In the center of the sarcomere, the thick filaments lack myosin heads. Myosin heads are present only in areas of myosin-actin overlap. Thick filament Thin filament Each thick filament consists of many myosin molecules whose heads protrude at opposite ends of the filament. A thin filament consists of two strands of actin subunits twisted into a helix plus two types of regulatory proteins (troponin and tropomyosin). Portion of a thick filament Portion of a thin filament Myosin head Tropomyosin Troponin Actin Actin-binding sites Active sites for myosin attachment Tail Heads Actin subunits ATP- binding site Flexible hinge region Myosin molecule Actin subunits

  7. Z Z H A I I 1 Fully relaxed sarcomere of a muscle fiber Z Z I A I 2 Fully contracted sarcomere of a muscle fiber

  8. Thin filament Ca2+ Actin ADP Myosin cross bridge Pi Thick filament Myosin Cross bridge formation. 1 ADP ADP Pi ATP hydrolysis Pi The power (working) stroke. 4 2 Cocking of myosin head. ATP ATP Cross bridge detachment. 3

  9. Actin Thin filament Ca2+ ADP Myosin cross bridge Pi Thick filament Myosin Cross bridge formation. 1

  10. ADP Pi The power (working) stroke. 2

  11. ATP Cross bridge detachment. 3

  12. ADP ATP hydrolysis Pi Cocking of myosin head. 4

  13. Thin filament Ca2+ Actin ADP Myosin cross bridge Pi Thick filament Myosin Cross bridge formation. 1 ADP ADP Pi ATP hydrolysis Pi The power (working) stroke. 4 2 Cocking of myosin head. ATP ATP Cross bridge detachment. 3

  14. Latent period Period of contraction Period of relaxation Single stimulus Myogram showing the three phases of an isometric twitch

  15. Direct phosphorylation Coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP Energy source: CP CP ADP Creatine kinase Creatine ATP Oxygen use: None Products: 1 ATP per CP, creatine Duration of energy provision: 15 seconds

  16. Facial Head Epicranius, frontal belly Temporalis Orbicularis oculi Masseter Zygomaticus Shoulder Orbicularis oris Trapezius Neck Deltoid Sternohyoid Arm Platysma Triceps brachii Sternocleidomastoid Biceps brachii Thorax Brachialis Pectoralis minor Forearm Serratus anterior Pronator teres Pectoralis major Brachioradialis Intercostals Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Abdomen Rectus abdominis Pelvis/thigh Internal oblique Iliopsoas Transversus abdominis Pectineus External oblique Thigh Rectus femoris Thigh Tensor fasciae latae Vastus lateralis Sartorius Vastus medialis Adductor longus Gracilis Leg Fibularis longus Leg Extensor digitorum longus Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Soleus

  17. Neck Epicranius, occipital belly Sternocleidomastoid Arm Trapezius Triceps brachii Shoulder Brachialis Deltoid Forearm Infraspinatus Brachioradialis Teres major Extensor carpi radialis longus Rhomboid major Latissimus dorsi Flexor carpi ulnaris Hip Extensor carpi ulnaris Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Extensor digitorum Iliotibial tract Thigh Adductor magnus Hamstrings: Biceps femoris Leg Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Soleus Fibularis longus Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

  18. Epicranius Galea aponeurotica Corrugator supercilii Frontal belly Orbicularisoculi Occipital belly Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus minor and major Temporalis Buccinator Masseter Risorius Sternocleidomastoid Orbicularis oris Trapezius Mentalis Splenius capitis Depressor labii inferioris Depressor anguli oris Platysma

  19. Tongue Styloid process Styloglossus Genioglossus Hyoglossus Mandibular symphysis Stylohyoid Hyoid bone Geniohyoid Thyrohyoid Thyroid cartilage

  20. Median raphe Anterior belly Mylohyoid Digastric Stylohyoid Posterior belly Hyoid bone Omohyoid (superior belly) Stylohyoid (cut) Thyrohyoid Sternohyoid Thyroid cartilage of the larynx Sternocleido- mastoid Thyroid gland Omohyoid (inferior belly) Sternothyroid

  21. Ligamentum nuchae Mastoid process of temporal bone Semispinalis capitis Longissimus capitis Semispinalis cervicis Iliocostalis cervicis Longissimus cervicis Semispinalis thoracis Iliocostalis thoracis Longissimus thoracis Spinalis thoracis Iliocostalis Erector spinae Longissimus Spinalis Multifidus Iliocostalis lumborum Quadratus lumborum External oblique

  22. External intercostal Internal intercostal

  23. Xiphoid process of sternum Foramen for inferior vena cava Foramen for esophagus Costal cartilage Central tendon of diaphragm Diaphragm Foramen for aorta Lumbar vertebra 12th rib Quadratus lumborum Psoas major

  24. Pectoralis major Serratus anterior Linea alba Tendinous intersection Transversusabdominis Internal oblique Rectus abdominis External oblique Inguinal ligament (formed by free inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis) Aponeurosis of the external oblique

  25. Rectus abdominis Internal oblique External oblique Lumbar fascia IIiac crest Pubic tubercle Lumbar fascia Transversus abdominis Inguinal ligament

  26. Subclavius Sternocleido- mastoid Clavicle Subscapularis Deltoid Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Sternum Serratus anterior Biceps brachii Humerus

  27. Levator scapulae Trapezius Supraspinatus Clavicle Deltoid Spine of scapula Rhomboid minor Infraspinatus Teres minor Rhomboid major Teres major Humerus Latissimus dorsi

  28. Superficial transverse ligament of palm Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum Pronator quadratus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Flexor carpiulnaris Extensor carpi radialis longus Palmaris longus Flexor carpiradialis Brachioradialis Pronator teres Medial epicondyle of humerus Tendon of biceps brachii Medial head of triceps brachii Biceps brachii

  29. Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis (cut) Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus Lumbricals Tendon of flexor pollicis longus Thenar muscles of thumb Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (cut) Pronator quadratus Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Supinator

  30. Extensor expansion Tendons of extensor digitorum Tendons of extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor digiti minimi Abductor pollicis longus Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis Anconeus Insertion of triceps brachii Extensor carpi radialis longus Brachioradialis

  31. 12th thoracic vertebra 12th rib Quadratus lumborum Psoas minor Iliac crest Psoas major Iliopsoas Iliacus 5th lumbar vertebra Anterior superior iliac spine Tensor fasciae latae Pectineus Adductor longus Sartorius Gracilis Quadriceps femoris Adductor magnus • Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis • Vastus medialis Tendon of quadriceps femoris Patella Patellar ligament

  32. Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Gracilis Iliotibial tract Long head Biceps femoris Short head Hamstrings Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

  33. Patella Head of fibula Gastrocnemius Soleus Fibularislongus Extensor digitorum longus Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Fibularistertius Fibularisbrevis Superior and inferior extensor retinacula Flexor hallucis longus Extensor hallucis brevis Fibular retinaculum Extensor digitorum brevis Lateral malleolus 5th metatarsal

  34. Plantaris (cut) Gastrocnemius lateral head (cut) Popliteus Gastrocnemius medial head (cut) Soleus (cut) Tibialis posterior Fibula Fibularis longus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Tendon of tibialis posterior Fibularisbrevis Medial malleolus Calcaneal tendon (cut) Calcaneus

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