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2. Outline. Development of Information Technology in the 20th CenturyData ManagementInformation ManagementKnowledge Management. 3. Outline. E-Government for Economic and Social Development: Public Administration PerspectiveThe public sector accounts for a large percent of the economyGovernment
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1. 1 E-Government from the Public Administration and Policy Perspective
2. 2 Outline Development of Information Technology in the 20th Century
Data Management
Information Management
Knowledge Management
3. 3 Outline E-Government for Economic and Social Development: Public Administration Perspective
The public sector accounts for a large percent of the economy
Government is the largest owner and processor of public data and information
Access to global knowledge and international databases and the mobilization of local knowledge and information resources
4. 4 Outline E-Government for Economic and Social Development: Public Administration Perspective
Expanded Government Services
Simplified procedures of dealing with Government
Transparent and accountable Government
Increased public participation in debates and decision-making processes
Reduced Government costs
Swift operational processes for both Business and Government
5. 5 Outline Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective
Political Conditions
Organizational Conditions
Cultural and Human Resources Conditions
Financial Conditions
Communication Environment
Technical Infrastructure
Data and Information Systems
6. 6 Development of Information Technology in the 20th Century Data Management
Computing power largely concentrated in data processing such as census, payroll, etc.
Information Management
Focus of computer application was directed towards data and information Management as well as decision-making
Knowledge Management
The contents to be processed and managed shifted from data/information to knowledge
Advent of age of information economy and knowledge economy
7. 7 e-Government for Economic and Social Development: Public Administration Perspective The public sector accounts for a large percent of the economy.
Government is the largest owner and processor of public data and information
Access to global knowledge and international databases and the mobilization of local knowledge and information resources
8. 8 e-Government for Economic and Social Development: Public Administration Perspective Expanded Government Services:
Address the inequities of regional/rural areas in accessing government information
Break down the barrier of distance or mobility
Enhance traditional service channels and provide around the clock access to government
9. 9 e-Government for Economic and Social Development: Public Administration Perspective Simplified procedures of dealing with Government
Transparent and accountable Government
Increased public participation in debates and decision-making processes
Reduced Government costs
Swift operational processes for both business and government
10. 10 Concluding Remark It can be said that governance and public administration cannot be productive, effective and efficient without the support of modern information technology. The use of information technology has been an absolute requirement for public administration and management development. There is no doubt that effective use of information technology can make governments work better while costing less.
11. 11 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Political Conditions
Good governance, as a condition for sustainable development, requires genuine commitment from political leaders, the private sector and organizations of civil society. In the same way, the introduction of e-Government in society requires strong political will to see through the transformation process it implies to government both in its internal operations as well as with regards to its interaction with civil society. Key Factors/Issues
Awareness of political value of e-Government
Commitment to e-Government and good governance
Leadership skills
National identity and perception of government
Legislative framework
Citizens’ participation in government’s affairs
Good governance and rule of law
12. 12 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Organizational Conditions
International experience shows that the introduction of e-Government calls for and causes profound and evolutionary change of the institutional arrangements. To guide this transformation process, appropriate management and coordination mechanisms are needed
Key Factors/Issues
Administrative structures and legacies
Public administration reforms
Civil service reform
Central coordination and support unit
Policy coordination
Inter governmental relations
13. 13 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Cultural and Human Resources Conditions
Positive attitudes, knowledge and skills need to be in place – especially within the public sector – to initiate, implement and sustain e-Government.
Cultural aspects may cause general resistance to change and information-sharing. Inadequate human resource capacity may lead to lack of customer-orientation and overall commitment. Key Factors/Issues
Culture, traditions and languages
Gender inequality
Educational levels
IT literacy and number of on-line users
IT educational facilities and programmes
Culture of information and knowledge sharing
Prevailing organizational culture
Attitude and adaptability to change, especially in public administration
Managerial skills in the public sector
Service orientation of public administration towards citizens
14. 14 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Financial Conditions
The initial costs related to implementing e-Government can be considerable and Governments may have limited capacity to bridge the period between initial investments and returns
Proper resource planning and access to innovative financing mechanisms is critical for e-Government sustainability Key Factors/Issues
Resource allocation process
National income structure
Access to alternative financing mechanisms
Partnerships with private sector and other role players
Access to capital markets
Mechanisms for venture investment
Available financial resources.
15. 15 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Communication Environment
In today’s world, communicating with citizens is a duty and a necessity for governments
e-Government needs to be accepted and understood by all stakeholders to ensure that its benefits flow to the society as a whole Key Factors/Issues
Citizen’s awareness and understanding of ICT and e-Government
Communication culture and channels
Information and knowledge sharing
16. 16 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Technological Infrastructure
Lack of technologies is a major bottleneck for countries aiming to implement and maintain e-Government. Legacy systems may also represent considerable obstacles to change.
The demographic and geographic conditions of different areas, accompanied by the distribution of economic activities, may also represent a strong bias in the rollout of ICT infrastructure if left to the market alone Key Factors/Issues
(Tele) communications infrastructure
Penetration rates of telecommunications
Urban versus rural: demographic/ geographic bias
Software and hardware (legacy systems)
IT standards
17. 17 Areas and Key Factors in e-Government: Public Policy Perspective Area: Data and Information Systems
Management systems, records and work processes must be in place to provide the necessary data to support the move to e-Government Key Factors/Issues
Legacy of data processing, management information and decision support systems
Available and accessible data and information
Data collection procedures and data and information standardization
Data quality and data security
Capacity to analyze data and utilize information
Capacity to direct information flows into decision-making processes
18. 18 Thank you for your attention