1 / 29

Unit 9 Vocabulary

Unit 9 Vocabulary. Unit 9 Vocabulary. 1. Lamarck- naturalist who proposed that organisms evolved by passing acquired traits onto offspring. Unit 9 Vocabulary. 2. acquired characteristics- traits that arise during an organism’s lifetime (not genetic) and are not passed onto offspring .

dunne
Download Presentation

Unit 9 Vocabulary

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Unit 9 Vocabulary

  2. Unit 9 Vocabulary 1. Lamarck- naturalist who proposed that organisms evolved by passing acquired traits onto offspring

  3. Unit 9 Vocabulary 2. acquired characteristics- traits that arise during an organism’s lifetime (not genetic) and are not passed onto offspring

  4. Unit 9 Vocabulary 3. Darwin- naturalist who said that organisms evolve through natural selection 4. inherited characteristics- traits that are passed from parents to offspring through genes; what natural selection acts upon

  5. Unit 9 Vocabulary 6. artificial selection- selective breeding by humans for desirable traits; may produce organisms that are poorly adapted to their environment

  6. Unit 9 Vocabulary 7. evolution- change over time, especially of a species

  7. Unit 9 Vocabulary 8. population- a group of organisms of the same species living in the same place 9. Gene pool- all of the genes found in a population

  8. Unit 9 Vocabulary 10. adaptation- a characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive & reproduce 11. survival of the fittest- the idea that individuals who are well-suited to their environment (fit) are more likely to survive and reproduce than other individuals (natural selection)

  9. Unit 9 Vocabulary 12. mutation- a change in DNA; leads to variation and new traits in a population

  10. Unit 9 Vocabulary 13. morphological adaptation- structural adaptation

  11. Unit 9 Vocabulary 14. physiological adaptation- adaptations of cells & body systems

  12. Unit 9 Vocabulary 15. behavioral adaptation- adaptations of reacting to the environment

  13. Unit 9 Vocabulary 16. theory- an explanation that is supported by a large body of evidence; ex: evolution, cell theory 17. law- describes a set of relationships; ex: law of gravity 18. hypothesis- an educated guess that explains observations; testable

  14. Unit 9 Vocabulary 19. gene frequencies- the proportion of a particular allele in a population 20. evidence for evolution- compares species, helping scientists to understand how species are related and how they originated over time

  15. Unit 9 Vocabulary 20a. comparative anatomy- the relative body features of different species; used to determine how closely or distantly related species are 20b. homologous structures- a feature found in different species that arose in a common ancestor

  16. Unit 9 Vocabulary 20c. comparative embryology- studying the embryos of different species to determine the degree of relationship between species 20d. comparative biochemistry- studying the DNA and other biological molecules of different species to determine the degree of relationship between species

  17. Unit 9 Vocabulary 21. fossils-impressions or casts left behind by a prehistoric organism; provides evidence of the species that have lived on Earth and when they lived

  18. Unit 9 Vocabulary 22. Evolutionary processes: • more offspring are born than can survive • individuals have variations • some individuals reproduce more than others

  19. Unit 9 Vocabulary Sexual Reproduction: 23. recombination- shuffling of genes in new combinations through crossing over or sexual reproduction Crossing Over:

  20. Unit 9 Vocabulary 24. variation- differences in the traits seen in a population

  21. Unit 9 Vocabulary 25. species- a group of organisms of a single type that can reproduce 26. subspecies- a particular variation seen within a species that may, over time, become a different species; ex: Cannis lupus familiaris(the dog) is a subspecies of Cannie lupus (the gray wolf) 27. speciation- the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise

  22. Unit 9 Vocabulary 28. gametic isolation- separation of individuals and their genes based upon how different eggs and sperm refuse to unite due to their identification markers

  23. Unit 9 Vocabulary 29. geographic isolation- separation of individuals and their genes due to physical barriers 30. temporal isolation- separation of individuals and their genes due to mating at different times of the day or year

  24. Unit 9 Vocabulary 31. behavioral isolation- the separation of individuals and their genes based upon difference in their behavior, such as mating habits

  25. Unit 9 Vocabulary 32. habitat isolation- the separation of individuals and their genes based upon how they occupy different habitats and do not encounter each other 33. mechanical isolation- the separation of individuals and their genes based upon how the reproductive parts of the different individuals do not fit together

  26. Unit 9 Vocabulary 34. punctuated equilibrium- model that shows how a lot of evolutionary change takes place in short periods of times that are tied to speciation events; evolution with few transitional forms 35. gradualism- model that shows how large changes in organisms build slowly over time; seen in both the fossil record and geology; evolution with many transitional forms

  27. Unit 9 Vocabulary 36. phylogenetic tree- a branching diagram that shows evolutionary relationships between species

  28. Unit 9 Vocabulary 37. random genetic drift- a shift in allele frequencies due to chance

  29. Unit 9 Vocabulary 38. lethal- deadly; 1 or 2 lethal alleles can kill an organism 39. interbreeding- capable of reproducing together

More Related