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RR = 7. In the News. Is the association causal?. In the News. Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News. Where are we and where are we going?. 1. How is this disease distributed and what hypotheses might explain that distribution?.
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RR = 7 In the News Is the association causal? In the News Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Where are we and where are we going? 1. How is this disease distributed and what hypotheses might explain that distribution? 2. Is there an association between the hypothesized cause and the disease? 3. Is the association causal? 4. What should individuals and society do when preventable causes of disease are found? 5. Did the prevention strategy work? Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Hypotheses 1 How is this disease distributed? 2 Is there an association? Why did the exposure and the disease turn up together? 3 Is the association causal? 4 What should be done to prevent the disease? 5 Did the prevention strategy work? Where are we and where are we going? What’s my hypothesis? Did the exposure and the disease turn up together? Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
1 What does it mean? Association Found Between Coffee and Diabetes Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
What does it mean? Tied Related Associated Linked What do we mean when we say that there is anassociationbetween two things? Things that are associatedare linked in some way that makes themturn up together. Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Happy Birthday Association Things that are associated are linked in some way that makes themturn up together. Why did Jaime and Peter turn up together at the party? Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Things that Turn Up Together Things that are associated are linked in some way that makes themturn up together. Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Review Epi Speak Association Things that are linked in some way that makes them turn up together. Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
In the News Suicide Higher in Areas with Guns Smoking Linked to Youth Eating Disorders Family Meals Are Good for Mental Health Study Links Iron Deficiency to Math Scores Study Concludes: Movies Influence Youth Smoking Lack of High School Diploma Tied to US Death Rate Study Links Spanking to Aggression Depressed Teens More Likely to Smoke Snacks Key to Kids’ TV- Linked Obesity: China Study Breakfast Each Day May Keep Colds Away Pollution Linked with Birth Defects in US Study Kids Who Watch R-Rated Movies More Likely to Drink, Smoke Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Review Epi Speak Epidemiology The study of how and why diseases or other health-related conditions are distributed in a population the way they are, in other words, why some people get sick and others do not. Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Study Design: Cohort Study Study Design: Case-Control Study Study Design: Trial E DZ DZ DZ E E E DZ DZ Random Assignment Healthy People Healthy People E DZ DZ E E Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study - - - - DZ E E E DZ DZ DZ DZ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Time Time Time Time Review Is there an association between the hypothesized cause and the disease? Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
In the News Suicide Higher in Areas with Guns Smoking Linked to Youth Eating Disorders Family Meals Are Good for Mental Health Study Links Iron Deficiency to Math Scores Study Concludes: Movies Influence Youth Smoking Lack of High School Diploma Tied to US Death Rate Study Links Spanking to Aggression Depressed Teens More Likely to Smoke Snacks Key to Kids’ TV- Linked Obesity: China Study Breakfast Each Day May Keep Colds Away Pollution Linked with Birth Defects in US Study Kids Who Watch R-Rated Movies More Likely to Drink, Smoke Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
In the News: The New York Times, 1 / 22 / 02 Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
In the News Mother of Teenage Suicide Pilot Sues Maker of Acne Drug She Says He Used Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
In the News Charles Bishop, age 15, killed himself in January 2002 by crashing a small plane into a Tampa high rise office building. His mother believes his suicide was caused by the prescription drug, Accutane, manufactured by Hoffman-LaRoche (HLR). The charge is that HLR has been aware of the medication causing depression, psychosis, and suicidal tendencies. HLR claims that 13 million people have safely used Accutane since 1982. The company has investigated “minor and rare” reports of adverse psychological effects but found “no scientific basis to link to either depression or suicide.” Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
In the News The Accutane packaging warns against possible psychological effects. Toxicologists found no traces of Accutane in the boy’s system. The suicide note stated that he was acting alone but supported efforts of Al Qaeda. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in teenagers and young adults. Since 1992, more than 500 adverse reactions to Accutane have been recorded by national and international agencies. Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Always Remember Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Do Not Ever Forget Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Association is not necessarily causation. Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Epi Speak Epi Speak Cause Anything that produces an effect. Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Epi Speak Epi Speak Risk Factor An exposure that increases the likelihood of a specific outcome. Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Epi Speak Epi Speak Interpret To give the meaning of, explain, or make clear. Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Possible Explanations for Finding an Association Investigations Explanations 3-2 Cause 3-3 Chance 3-4 Confounding Reverse Time Order 3-5 3-6 Bias Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
Investigation 3-1 has ended. CDC In the News Intro to Epidemiology – Investigation 3-1: In the News
