The Effects of Caffeine Consumption on Sprint Performance in College-Age Females

1. The Effects of Caffeine Consumption on Sprint Performance in College-Age Females Michelle Seeger, Sara Wynne, Kori Burnett, Whitney Forde, Ashley Fleming

2. Introduction • The purpose was to better understand whether or not a low level stimulant can effect physical performance • Caffeine bans have become prevalent in recent years in multiple athletic organizations; IOC, NCAA • Caffeine has been used by athletes in belief that it would enhance athletic performance

3. Hypothesis • The consumption of a single cup of caffeinated coffee will improve 50 meter sprint times, in college age females • We recognize that caffeine has varying effects on the population, in hopes of maintaining similar results we chose to use a single cup of coffee

4. Literature Review • Turnicliffe (2008) – Canadian endurance athletes ingested various amounts of coffee before performing endurance exercise. Those who ingested higher amounts of caffeine showed improvements in both physical performance and mental state. • Paton et al. (2001) – study focused on 20 meter sprint times with one set of participants ingesting a caffeine pill and another set ingesting a placebo. A slight increase in performance was seen in the initial sprint but increased fatigue was seen during repeated sprints (completed with 20 second rest intervals). • Carr (2008) – tested 10 team sports players for sprint times after ingesting a caffeine pill during one trial and a placebo during another trial. He used longer rest periods in between sprints (60 seconds) and found that sprint times were significantly improved when a pill containing 6mg of caffeine was ingested prior to exercise.

5. Equipment • Keurig Cups easily regulate the amount. • Each caffeinated cup contains approx. 65 mg of caffeine • Each decaffeinated cup contains approx. 3 mg of caffeine • Coffee was only given black, additives were not allowed, hoping to prevent further imperfections in the study • Stopwatch used to time volunteers • Tape Measurer • To mark off 50 meter distance

6. Participants • 20 Female students • Ages 18-23 • Participate in some form of exercise 3+ times a week • Data was excluded if participants were not within a deviation of 20 pounds from the mean weight of 135 pounds • To eliminate variance in the effect of caffeine based on body weight

7. Methods • Day 1: • Participants were required to fill out survey prior to starting experiment. • 6 oz. of decaffeinated coffee was consumed prior to running. • 50 meter sprints were timed and recorded for each participant. • Each participant answered the Borg Scale Perceived exertion immediately after running • Participants were required to complete three trials and answer perceived exertion scale after each.

8. Methods Cont… • Day 2: • 6 oz. of caffeinated coffee was consumed • Participants were instructed to wait 15 minutes before first run • Three sprinting trials of 50 meters were timed and recorded • Participants answered perceived exertion test again after each trial • Between each trial participants had to wait 5 minutes

9. Results An ANOVA was used to test the results. At an alpha of .05 it was concluded that there was no significant difference between the caffeinated and decaffeinated tests.

10. Results: Borg Scale Perceived Exertion The results from the Borg scale were inconsistent with our statistical findings. Decaffeinated Caffeinated

11. Conclusions • Our hypothesis that ingestion of caffeine will decrease sprint times, 50m dash, in college age females, was not supported by our results. • The ingestion of a low level stimulant had no apparent effect on the performance of the volunteers.

12. Discussion • The amount of caffeine consumed by the participants was not enough to increase physical performance. • Outside variables could have had significant effects on the study • Level of stress • Lack of sleep • Poor nutrition • Further Research: • Levels of caffeine relative to body mass • Anhydrous form, for better outcome • Test participants at multiple levels to determine at what amount subject will receive the greatest enhancement from caffeine

13. Take Home Message • Although caffeine can play a role in athletic performance, the amount of caffeine in a single cup of coffee is not enough to overcome the differences we may feel day to day during our physical activity.

14. References Carr, A., Dawson, B., Schneiker, K., Goodman, C., & Lay, B.(2008). Effect of caffeine supplementation on repeated sprint running performance. Journal Of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness, 48(4), 472-478. Paton G.D., Hopkins W.G., Vollebregt L. (2001) Little effect of caffeine ingestion on repeated sprints in team-sport athletes.Medicine, Science and Sports Exercise, 33, 822-825. Tunnicliffe, J. M., Erdman, K., Reimer, R. A., Lun, V., & Shearer, J. (2008). Consumption of dietary caffeine and coffee in physically active populations: physiological interactions. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism, 33(6), 1301-1310. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

15. THANK YOU…. DR. BAUER DR. BUCKENMEYER ALL OF THE VOLUNTEERS