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Aldehydes and Ketons

Aldehydes and Ketons. Aldehydes and Ketones. Ketone: Molecule with a carbonyl group (C=O) between two carbon atoms. Alkane name with -one suffix. Aldehyde: Molecule with a carbonyl group (C=O) on a terminal carbon. Alkane name with -al suffix. Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones.

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Aldehydes and Ketons

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  1. Aldehydes and Ketons

  2. Aldehydes and Ketones Ketone: Molecule with a carbonyl group (C=O) between two carbon atoms. Alkane name with -one suffix Aldehyde: Molecule with a carbonyl group (C=O) on a terminal carbon. Alkane name with -al suffix

  3. Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones • Lower boiling point and less soluble in water than alcohols (no -OH) • More polar than hydrocarbons (higher boiling points and more soluble) • Good solvents (both polar and nonpolar)

  4. Preparing Aldehydes and Ketones:Oxidation Reactions • Alcohol + an oxidizing agent (removes electrons ex. KMnO4) to form an aldehyde or ketone and water • The oxidizing agent removes two H-atoms (one from the -OH group and one from the adjacent carbon) resulting in C=O and H2O

  5. No available H-atom Oxidizing agent

  6. Hydrogenation Reactions • The C=O double bond can undergo an addition reaction with hydrogen to form an -OH group. • Aldehydes always produce 1˚ alcohols • Ketones always produce 2˚ alcohols

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