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UNIT3 - FORESTRY

UNIT3 - FORESTRY. TOPIC 2 – FOREST USES. FOREST USE 1 - RECREATION. Recreational uses of forests include: Hiking Fishing Canoeing Solitude Camping Hunting Fishing ATVing Biking Skiing Berry-picking Bird-watching. FOREST USE 2 - HARVESTING. COMMERCIAL CUTTING

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UNIT3 - FORESTRY

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  1. UNIT3 - FORESTRY TOPIC 2 – FOREST USES

  2. FOREST USE 1 - RECREATION • Recreational uses of forests include: • Hiking • Fishing • Canoeing • Solitude • Camping • Hunting • Fishing • ATVing • Biking • Skiing • Berry-picking • Bird-watching

  3. FOREST USE 2 - HARVESTING • COMMERCIAL CUTTING • Cutting for INDUSTRY USE, such as PULP and PAPER, SAWMILLS, and VALUE-ADDED WOOD PRODUCTS

  4. COMMERCIAL CUTTING . . . • EXAMPLE: KRUGER CBPPL • 1500+ employees • 800+ woodlands • 40-50 rural communities

  5. COMMERCIAL CUTTING . . . • EXAMPLE: LUMBER PRODUCTION • 1670 commercial and domestic sawmills in NL • 3000 people employed in this province

  6. FOREST USE 2 – HARVESTING • DOMESTIC CUTTING • Cutting for HEATING or SUPPLEMENTAL HEATING of our HOMES • In 1993, 33 % of the population in NL used WOOD as either a PRIMARY or SECONDARY source of heat • Each year, about 450,000 cubic meters of wood is harvested for use as fuel.

  7. FOREST USE 2 - HARVESTING • VALUE-ADDED WOOD PRODUCTS • Wood and wood-products can be processes and worked into many fine products, such as: • Guitars • Kitchen Cabinets • Hardwood Flooring • Furniture • Maple Syrup • Wood Pellets

  8. FOREST USE 3 – ECONOMY • In addition to employment in HARVESTING ACTIVITIES, there are many other forest-related careers, including • CONSERVATION ex: wildlife officer • ECOTOURISM ex: outfitting, sight-seeing • RESEARCH ex: soil scientist

  9. UNIT 3 - FORESTRY TOPIC 3 – FOREST CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES

  10. FOREST TERMINOLOGY • BIOSPHERE • The living portion of Earth • BIOME • Subdivision of the biosphere • One Biome is the FOREST BIOME • FOREST • A community of living organisms in which TREES are the dominant form of life.

  11. FOREST TERMINOLOGY • CANOPY • The “roof” of a forest with the crowns of the dominant trees and other vegetation. • UNDERSTORY • The area below the canopy, made up of shrubs, snags, and small trees. • FOREST FLOOR • The lowest level of the forest, which is made up of tree seeds, dead leaves and needles, grasses, ferns, flowers, fungi, and decaying plants and logs.

  12. FOREST TERMINOLOGY • CONIFEROUS TREE • “Cone-bearing” or soft wood • Waxy, evergreen needles • Examples: • Spruce, pine, fir, cedar • Products: • Pulp and paper, lumber, plywood • DECIDUOUS TREE • Hard wood • Shed leaves every winter, new buds in the spring • Examples: • Birch, maple, cherry, walnut • Products: • Furniture, flooring

  13. FOREST CATEGORIES • There are 2 MAJOR FOREST CATEGORIES: • TROPICAL FOREST • Tropical Rain Forest • NON-TROPICAL FOREST • Boreal (Taiga) • Temperate Deciduous • Temperate Rainforest

  14. TROPICAL FOREST • Greatest Biodiversity • 1 km2 may contain as many as 100 different tree species • Located near equator in TROPICAL REGION • No Winter, Only a rainy and a dry season • Temperatures 20 – 25oC all year • Precipitation occurs all year, with an annual rainfall of about 2000 mm • Soil is nutrient-poor and acidic • Canopy is multilayered and continuous, so very shaded on forest floor • Biggest Threat is DEFORESTATION due to AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES

  15. BOREAL FOREST • The world’s largest land biome • Found across Eurasia and North America • Short, moist, warm summers and long, cold, dry winters • Precipitation is mostly snow • Soil is thin, nutrient-poor and acidic • Canopy permits low light penetration, so understory is limited • Biggest threat is LOGGING

  16. TEMPERATE FOREST • Located Below Boreal Regions • Well-defined seasons • Fertile soil • Precipitation is about 75-150 cm per year • Canopy is penetrated by light, allowing for a diverse understory • Biggest threat is URBANIZATION

  17. CANADIAN FORESTS • Canada is sometimes referred to as the “land of forests”, with forests covering 45 % of the total land area of Canada • Forest have shaped our trade, commerce, as well as our art and literature. • Canada has nearly 10 % of the world’s forests.

  18. CANADIAN FORESTS . . . In CANADA, • About 90% of our forests are CONIFEROUS. • About 1% of our forests are DECIDUOUS. • About 9% of our forests are MIXED STANDS.

  19. UNIT 3 - FORESTRY TOPIC 4 – THE VALUE OF FORESTS

  20. WHAT IS THE VALUE OF FOREST? • Students must work in groups to find examples of each type of value relating to forests in our world. • SOCIAL • ECONOMIC • ECOLOGICAL

  21. ECONOMIC WHAT IS THE VALUE OF THE FOREST? ECOLOGICAL SOCIAL

  22. SOCIAL VALUE - FOREST • A “way of life” • Historical ties/ “sense of place” • Spiritual importance • Recreational significance

  23. ECONOMIC VALUE $ - FOREST • Pulp and Paper • Lumber/Sawmilling Industry • Value-Added Industry • Other • Tourism/Recreation • Outfitters, Eco-tourism • Bio-fuel Production • Wood pellets, Briquettes • Specialty Items • Wreaths, Wine, Jam, Pharmaceuticals, Furniture, etc.

  24. ECOLOGICAL VALUE - FOREST • Climate Regulation • Carbon Storage • Water Cycling • Soil Stabilization • Reduce Air Pollution • Animal Habitat • Watersheds

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