Immanuel Kant: One More Time

1. Immanuel Kant: One More Time

2. The aim yesterday was to be able to.... • Explain Kant’s theory on moral ethics • Explain the term ‘categorical imperative’ Can you do this yet?

3. Key Terms Enlightenment: Categorical Imperative Universal Law: Maxim: A priori:

4. Key Terms Enlightenment: An 18thCentury philosophical movement based on human reason Categorical Imperative: Acting in such a way that where you consider what might happen if the principle of your action became a moral law for everyone Universal Law: A law that applies to all people Maxim: A principle or a rule A priori: The Categorical Imperative is a priori, meaning that we can see that something is true without having to experience it first.

5. For Kant, morality should be based on reason and duty – not on feelings, or consequences • He believed in God but held that morality should be autonomous • His ideas are appealing to both religious an non-religious people

6. “Let's cut out the grey areas of morality and get some concrete RIGHT and WRONGS” There is a moral law (existing in each of us) that we must obey! Anyone who has the ability to reason knows this moral law!

7. Kant says “Do the right thing - no matter what!”

8. Or he'll set Ronald McDonald on you

9. What's right is right and what's wrong is wrong. No grey areas.

10. Kant referred to the Categorical Imperative

11. Kant referred to the Categorical Imperative Categorical: Something which applies in all situations. Without exception Imperative: Something which you must do

12. 3 Maxims (or Principles) to the Categorical Imperative 1. All actions must be able to be made into universal laws 2. Every human being must be treated as an end rather than a means to an end 3. You must always behave as if you are the absolute moral authority of the entire universe

13. 3 Maxims (or Principles) to the Categorical Imperative 1. All actions must be able to be made into universal laws For Example • Copying homework • Lieing to parents • Taking a short cut through someone else's garden

14. 3 Maxims (or Principles) to the Categorical Imperative 2. Every human being must be treated as an end rather than a means to an end

15. 3 Maxims (or Principles) to the Categorical Imperative 2. Every human being must be treated as an end rather than a means to an end No manipulation of others

16. 3 Maxims (or Principles) to the Categorical Imperative 2. Every human being must be treated as an end rather than a means to an end No manipulation of others • No white lies either!

17. 3 Maxims (or Principles) to the Categorical Imperative 3. You must always behave as if you are the absolute moral authority of the entire universe

18. 3 Maxims (or Principles) to the Categorical Imperative 3. You must always behave as if you are the absolute moral authority of the entire universe Personal responsibility!

19. Group Task • Collect a worksheet and read it as a group • Record answers • Consider carefully what your personal responsibilities are to do with each right. There may be more than one for each • Try to avoid simply saying “I need to make sure others have the same right”.

20. Reminder • What were the categorical imperatives that you created?

21. Group Task • Do you like Kant? • As a group, discuss what you like about kantian ethics

22. Group Task • Do you like Kant? • As a group, identify possible problems that you may come across with Kant's categorical imperative.

23. Problem! Look closely at the 2nd Maxim 1. All actions must be able to be made into universal laws 2. Every human being must be treated as an end rather than a means to an end 3. You must always behave as if you are the absolute moral authority of the entire universe

24. Problem! What if an axe murderer came to your home and asked where your kids were sleeping?

25. Problem! • It is WW2. There are Jews hiding in your basement. Nazi officers arrive and ask you if you are hiding any Jews. What would Kant say you should do?

26. Wee Abbey’s rabbit was mauled to death by her dog. Her Dad cuts a fake hole in the hutch and pretends to Abbey that the bunny escaped. What would Kant say about this?

27. According to Kantian ethics, you would HAVE to tell the truth. Of course – it's your duty not to lie! Don’t you get it? There ARE NO EXCEPTIONS! Act morally, regardless of the consequences. My genius is wasted on you ignorant buffoons!

28. Should reason always be the only basis of moral decision making???

29. Kant’s ethical theory is sometimes referred to as Duty and Reason.... .....any ideas why???

30. Purple RMPS Book • Read p77 • Answer the Qs

31. The key principles of Kantian ethics