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Unit Eight

Unit Eight. Time. Unit Eight. Task 1: Time association Task 2: Biological time Task 3: Different concept of time Task 4: Time problem. In-Class Reading How to Take Your Time. Work in pairs to answer the following questions.

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Unit Eight

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  1. Unit Eight Time

  2. Unit Eight

  3. Task 1:Time association • Task 2:Biological time • Task 3:Different concept of time • Task 4:Time problem

  4. In-Class ReadingHow to Take Your Time

  5. Work in pairs to answer the following questions. What is a biological clock? Do you think there is a biological clock in you? If so, Please explain it. Sample The biological clock is the time system in plants and animals that controls behavior such as sleeping and eating. I think there is a biological clock in me because I often hear it tick. For example, I wake up at 6:30 almost every morning although I go to bed at different times. I always have my meals at the same time every day; otherwise I’ll feel very hungry and can’t wait to eat.

  6. Have you ever thought of the relationship between time and health? Can you tell in what way they are related? Sample Time may be related to health. Those who make good use of time are generally less stressed than those who don’t know how to manage their time in an efficient way. And those who work too hard and therefore do not leave themselves enough time to rest are more likely to suffer from illnesses.

  7. What are the simple techniques suggested by Dr. Dossey for people to manage their time? Sample a. Unclock your life b. Establish your own inner sense of time c. Use your own power to change time d. Keep in pace with nature

  8. Para. 1-4 Common Problem time sickness a) time pressure b) hurry Components a) anxiety b) tension Feelings a) stroke b) heartdisease Consequences

  9. Para. 5-6 General synchronization Desynchronization Rhythms of nature e.g. a) crab b) mouse c) squirrel Animals Isolation from a) light b) temperature c) humidity Humans a) Rhythms of nature b) Another powerful synchroniser for humans: otherpeople

  10. Para. 7-8 Statements on time Supporting evidence • Dying people recall their • entire life in an instant. • b) People in serious accidents see everything happen in slow motion. The mind can alter rhythms of time in many ways. • Industrialized countries value schedules highly. • b) Hispanic countries of Latin • America give priority to people over schedules. Cultures perceive time differently.

  11. Para. 9-14 Simple techniques to change and master one’s own time Examples Stop wearing a wristwatch. a) Unclock your life. b) Set your own inner sense of time. Keep in mind that time is relative. Dismiss disturbing thoughts and control one’s breathing. c) Tap your body’s power to change time. Take time to enjoy the beauty of life, such as watching a sunset or a cloud crossing the sky. d) Synchronise yourself with nature.

  12. 句型应用 “They remind me that my life is not ruled by clocks, that I can choose the time I live by.” (Line 2) 译 文 remind sb. that…提醒某人某事，也可用 remind sb of sth. /to do sth.提醒某人做某事

  13. Example Yellow flowers of rape always remind me of my childhood in the countryside. 黄黄的油菜花总使我想起我在农村度过的童年。 He reminded me that there were no trains after midnight. 他提醒我半夜以后没有火车。

  14. Example He reminded himself to thank her for the present. 他提醒自己要感谢她送的礼物。 Passengers are reminded to take all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane. 提醒乘客下飞机时带好所有个人物品。

  15. 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise You do not need to _____________________ ________ all the time. 你不必老是提醒人们记住他们曾经犯过的错。 remind people of their mistakes Don’t forget to ______________________________. 记住提醒她不要忘了宴会。 remind her about the dinner party reminds me of an experience This story _________________________ I had long ago. 这故事使我联想起我很久以前有过的一次经历。 She ________________ I hadn’t written to Mother. 她提醒我还没有给母亲写信。 reminded me that

  16. 译 文 “They remind me that my life is not ruled by clocks, that I can choose the time I live by.” (Line 2) “它们提醒我，生活不是由时钟控制的，而且我能自己选择按什么样的时间生活。”

  17. 句子分析 They were all time addicts, taught since childhood to schedule their lives by society’s clock, and all felt lost without the security of a timepiece.( Line17) 译 文 红色部分是此句的主句，and连接两个并列谓语。 taught…by society’s clock是过去分词短语做time addicts的后置定语，相当于省略了whowas的非限定性定语从句。

  18. 译 文 They were all time addicts, taught since childhood to schedule their lives by society’s clock, and all felt lost without the security of a timepiece.( Line17) 这些人都是“时间瘾君子”。他们从孩提时代起就受到这样的教育：要按社会的时钟安排自己的生活。因此一旦没有了计时器给予的安全感，就会感到茫然若失。

  19. Pioneering studies in Germany reported that when people were put together in groups isolated from external time cues of light, temperature and humidity, their own complex internal timekeeping rhythms became desynchronised; then they resynchronised in unison.(Line27) 译 文

  20. 句子分析 ① 红色部分是这个复合句的主句，that…in unison 是宾语从句，做 reported 的宾语。 ②这个宾语从句中，又含有一个主从复合句， when 引导的时间状语从句，逗号后面部分是 主句。 ③ synchronize使同步，desynchronise使不同步, resynchronise使再同步。 synchonizewith: 使…同步

  21. Example The sound on a film must synchronize with the action. 影片中的声音必须与动作配 合一致。 The voyages of discovery synchronized with the emergence of capitalist economy. 发现新大陆的航海与资本主义经济的出现同时发生。

  22. 译 文 Pioneering studies in Germany reported that when people were put together in groups isolated from external time cues of light, temperature and humidity, their own complex internal timekeeping rhythms became desynchronised; then they resynchronised in unison. (Line 27) 根据在德国进行的开拓性研究报告，当人们被分成小组，一起置身于与光、温度、湿度等外部时间提示因素相隔绝的环境时，他们自身内部复杂的时间节奏无法（与外部因素）同步了；但他们的生物钟随后又恢复了相互间一致的同步节奏。

  23. Those who have been in a serious accident often report that, as it occurred, everything happened in slow motion; apparently this is a survival tool built into the brain, an ability to accelerate to several times normal perceptual speed, thereby “slowing down” the world and giving the victim “time” to think how to avoid disaster. (Line37) 译 文

  24. 句子分析 ①此句的主要结构为：Those…often report that…， that引导的宾语从句较长。在这个长句中，“as it occurred”为插入语，意为：“在事故发生的过 程中。” ② this是指 “everything happened in slow motion”。 “built into the brain”是过去分词短语做 “tool”的后 置定语，相当于“which is built into the brain”。 ③“an ability to ... perceptual speed”是“a survival tool”的同位语。 ④“slowing down …”和“giving …”是并列的两个现 在分词短语，起补充说明作用。 thereby，意为“因 此，从而，由此”。例如：He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了公民，因此有 投票权。

  25. 译 文 Those who have been in a serious accident often report that, as it occurred, everything happened in slow motion; apparently this is a survival tool built into the brain, an ability to accelerate to several times normal perceptual speed, thereby “slowing down” the world and giving the victim “time” to think how to avoid disaster. (Line37) 那些经历过严重事故的人常描述说，在事故发生的过程中，一切都以慢动作的形式进行；这显然是人脑中内置有逃生工具，也就是一种能力，它能把人对外部世界的感知速度提高到正常状态下的数倍，从而“减慢”了世界运行的速度，使当事人有“时间”来思考避免灾难的对策。

  26. addict (Line 17, Para. 4) n. a person who is unable to free him/herself from a harmful habit, esp. of taking drugs入迷的人, 有瘾的人 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise Drug addicts ___________ often turn to crime to get the money they need. In this way, they force the crime rate up. 吸毒成瘾的人常常通过犯罪手段获取他们需要的毒 资，这样就使犯罪率升高了。 At the age of 10, he’s already a confirmed _______ ___________. 虽然年仅十岁，但他已经是一个名副其实的网络游戏 狂了。 online game addict

  27. addicted adj. dependent on something, esp. a drug; unable to stop having, taking, etc. 沉溺于某种嗜好中的,对…… 上瘾的 Translation 他已经完全沉溺于赌博之中。 He has been completely addictedto gambling. 他的女儿是一个不折不扣的卡通电影迷。 His daughter is absolutely addicted to animated cartoons.

  28. addiction n. the state of being addicted or a habit to which one is addicted 沉溺, 上瘾 People who suffer from addiction are called addicts. 那些吸毒成瘾的人被叫作瘾君子。 addictive adj. (of drugs, etc.) causing addiction; habit- forming 使上瘾的；使入迷的 n. 使人上瘾的药品 海洛因很容易使人上瘾。 Heroin is highly addictive.

  29. pioneering (Line 27, Para. 6) adj. introducing new ways of doing something, which others later follow 先驱的；开拓性的 Translation His grandfather did pioneering work in the field of cancer research. 他的祖父在癌症研究方面的工作是具有开拓性的。 At the age of 20, he wrote a pioneering novel about a desert adventure. 在年仅20岁的时候，他就写出了 第一部关于沙漠历险题材的小说。

  30. pioneer (line 5, Para. 2) n. a person who does something first and so makes it possible or easier for others to do it later 首创者；倡导者 Translation Professor Wang Xuan is the pioneer of the computer input system of the Chinese character. 王选教授是计算机汉字输入系统的先驱。 Cui Jian is universally acknowledged as the pioneer of the rock-and-roll of Chinese mainland. 崔健被公认为是中国大陆摇滚乐的先驱。

  31. pioneer (line 5, Para. 2) v. to begin or help in the early development of 开拓；为……开路；作先驱者 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise As we know, Wright brothers of the United States ______________. 如我们所知，美国的莱特兄弟是 飞行的先驱。 pioneered flying Nokia, the world’s biggest mobile phone maker, ___________________________. 世界第一手机生产商诺基亚推出了第一款照相手机。 pioneered the camera cell phone

  32. external (Line 28, Para.6) adj. 1) of, relating to, or connected with something outside, apart, or beyond; relating to the outside of something or of a person’s body 外部的; 外面的 Translation The external walls of that house should be reinforced. 那座房屋的外墙应该加固一下。 Fortunately, all his injuries resulting from the car accident areexternal. 幸运的是，他在那起车祸中所受的都是皮外伤。

  33. adj. 2) foreign 外国的；对外的 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise Today’s newspaper carried certain amount of reports of _____________. 今天的报纸刊登了相当数量的国外（新闻）事件。 external affairs External trade ____________ is an important topic of today’s conference. 对外贸易是今天会议的重要议题。 反义词：internal(line 29, Para. 6) adj. 1) 内部的, 体内的 2) 国内的, 内政的

  34. alter (Line 35, Para. 7) v. to make or become different, but without changing into something else 改变；变更 Translation The trousers will have to be altered; it’s too long. 那条裤子太长了，要改短些。 The town hasn’t really altered much since the last time I was there. 那座城镇和我当初在那里的时 候没有太大的变化。

  35. 词义辨析：alter 与change 两个词均可译为“变化”，都可用作及物和不及物动词。 change是表示“变化”这个意思中最常用，最普通的 词。它可以指人或事物的本质变化，即使指形 式，外表时，也是根本性或深刻的变化。 Example Times have changed. 时代变了。 She has changed a lot since I last saw her. 自从上次见过后，她变了很多。 The place has changed beyond recognition. 这地方变得认不出来了。

  36. alter常指大小，形状的改变，而非本质的变化。alter常指大小，形状的改变，而非本质的变化。 请选择 alter或 change填空 Exercise If your new jacket is too large, a good tailor can _____ it to fit you. alter The war has ________ all. changed

  37. brink (Line 36, Para. 7) n. 1) the point in time when something very bad or very good is about to happen 边缘，关头 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise pull the factory back from the brink of They tried to ________________________________ __________ but failed in the end. 他们尽力想扭转工厂濒临破产的局面，但最终还是 失败了。 bankruptcy drove her to The failure of the examination almost ___________ _______________________. 考试的失败让她几乎到了精神崩溃的边缘。 the brink of mental collapse

  38. n. 2) the edge of a very high place such as a cliff (峭壁等的)边缘 Translation He stood on the brink of the river, waiting for his father to come back. 他站在那条河边上，等着父亲的归来。 Don’t stand on the brink of the cliff. It’s very dangerous. 不要站在悬崖旁边，那太危险了。

  39. 词义辨析：brink, edge, border 与margin brink如上面的英文解释所示，着重指较高位置， 如峭壁等的边缘； edge 指物体的边缘，边线；还可以表示锋利的边 沿，如刀刃，刀口，刀锋； border 指两国间的“边界”，“边界线”。特别突出 强调指划分出的界线； margin 指书页的空白处，也可指江，河，湖，林等边 缘地带，但所指的地域较宽广（不像edge的 有限边沿）。

  40. 请选择brink, edge, border或margin填空。 Exercise The sword has a very sharp _____. edge The _______ between China and Mongolia is very long. border margin She likes sitting on the _______ of that lake to relax herself. brink Don’t stand on the ______ of a cliff. It’s too dangerous. Can you stand a coin up on _____? edge

  41. accelerate (Line 39, Para. 7) v. 1) to (cause to) move faster 加速 Translation How to accelerate that old car was a big headache for those travelers. 对那些旅行者来说，如何让这台 老爷车提速是个大问题。 Accelerating the ship needed a more powerful engine. 让船加速需要一部（马力）更大的发动机。

  42. v. 2) to cause to happen faster or earlier than expected 促进；使（某事）加快 Translation They are making a plan to accelerate the growth of tourism. 他们正在制定一项促进旅游业发展的计划。 The rising oil price accelerated the decline of the sale of China’s auto market. 油价的上涨加剧了中国汽车市场销售额的进一步下降。 派生词：accelerationn. 1)加速 2)加快 accelerator n.加速者, 加速器

  43. frown (Line 44, Para. 8) v. to bring the eyebrows together in anger or effort, or to show disapproval so that lines appear on the forehead 皱眉, 蹙额（表示生气，不赞同等） Translation He frowned as he knew that the Supreme Court had rejected his appeal. 当他知道自己的上诉被最高法院驳回的时候他皱起了 眉头。 The coach frownedwith displeasure as he failed to persuade that key player to resume regular training. 无法说服那位主力队员恢复正常训练让教练很不悦。

  44. frown on/upon sth to disapprove of不赞成, 反对 Translation She was eager to continue her study overseas; but her mother frowned on the idea. 她想到国外继续自己的学业，但她的母亲不赞成。 Smoking in the waiting room is rather frowned upon here. 这里的休息室禁止吸烟。

  45. priority (Line 46, Para. 8) n. 1) something that needs attention, consideration, service, etc., before others需优先考虑的事 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise If you look forward to enrolling that university, __________________________________. 如果你想上那所大学，首先应该考虑的是学费。 tuition fee should be given the top priority Such classic songs as “You Make Me Happy and Sad” ___________________ of veteran singer Emil Chou’s (Zhou Huajian) solo concert. 像《让我欢喜让我忧》这样的经典歌曲总是老牌歌手 周华健演唱会上的首选曲目。 are always the priority

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