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The Point is to Make ATP!

Making energy!. The Point is to Make ATP!. ATP. Energy needs of life. Organisms are endergonic systems What do we need energy for?. synthesis (biomolecules) reproduction active transport movement temperature regulation. Where do we get the energy from?.

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The Point is to Make ATP!

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  1. Making energy! The Point is to Make ATP! ATP

  2. Energy needs of life • Organisms are endergonic systems • What do we need energy for? • synthesis (biomolecules) • reproduction • active transport • movement • temperature regulation

  3. Where do we get the energy from? • Work of life is done by energy coupling • use exergonic (catabolic) reactions to fuel endergonic (anabolic) reactions energy energy + + energy + +

  4. Whoa! Hot stuff! Living economy • Fueling the economy • eat high energy organic molecules (food) • break them down = catabolism(digest) • capture energy in form cell can use • Need an energycurrency • a way to pass energy around ATP

  5. How efficient! Build once,use many ways an RNA nucleotide ATP • Adenosine Triphosphate • modified nucleotide • adenine + ribose + Pi AMP • AMP + Pi ADP • ADP + Pi ATP

  6. I think he’s a bit unstable… don’t you? O– O– O– O– O– O– O– O– P P P P P P P P –O –O –O O– O– O– –O –O –O O– O– O– –O –O O– O– O O O O O O O O Why does ATP store energy? • Each Pi group more difficult to add • a lot of stored energy in each bond • most stored in 3rd Pi • ∆G = -7.3 kcal/mole • Close packing of negative Pi groups • spring-loaded instability of its P bonds makes ATP an excellent energy donor

  7. energy O– O– O– O– P P P P + –O O– –O O– –O –O O– O– O O O O Why is 3rd phosphate like a baaad boyfriend? How does ATP transfer energy? • Phosphorylation • when ATP does work, it transfers its 3rd Pi to other molecules • ATP  ADP • releases energy • ∆G = -7.3 kcal/mole • it destabilizes the other molecule

  8. + + H H H H H H H H H2O C C C C C C C C OH OH OH OH O O H ATP ADP + + it’s never that simple! C -7.3 kcal/mol P H + + Pi C -3.1 kcal/mol P An example of Phosphorylation… • Building polymers from monomers • need ATP for energy & to take the water out +4.2 kcal/mol “kinase”enzyme

  9. those phosphates sure make it uncomfortable around here Another example of Phosphorylation… • The first steps of cellular respiration • beginning the breakdown of glucose  ATP glucose C-C-C-C-C-C 2 ATP enzyme 1 2 ADP enzyme 2 fructose-6P P-C-C-C-C-C-C-P enzyme 3 enzyme 4 enzyme 5 DHAP P-C-C-C PGAL C-C-C-P enzyme 6

  10. Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen! ATP / ADP cycle Can’t store ATP • too reactive • transfers Pi too easily • only short term energy storage • carbs & fats are long term energy storage A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second

  11. I didn’t HEAR you! What’s the point? • Cells spend a lot of time making ATP! “The point is to make ATP!” Make ATP! That’s all I do all day. And no one even notices!

  12. Any Questions??

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