Alzheimer’s Disease

1. Alzheimer’s Disease Savidra Lucatero, Vinita Mehrotra, Sabrina Rawlings, Jackie Wheeler, & Matt Zustiak

2. Outline • Introduction • Background • Match ’Em Up Game! • Discussion • Current Diagnosis • Current Treatment • Research • Hands-On Activity • Questions

6. Myths ?

7. Match 'Em Up Game!

8. Preclinical/Mild AD Notice size of hippocampus

9. Moderate AD Notice the hippocampus

10. Severe AD Notice hippocampus and degradation as a whole

11. Preclinical/Mild AD Notice size of hippocampus

12. WHAT ARE NEURITIC PLAQUES?

13. Production of Beta-amyloid APP binds to brain cell

14. Production of Beta-amyloid Enzymes cut APP molecule and release Beta-amyloid

15. Production of Beta-amyloid Beta-amyloid conglumerates

16. What Are Neuritic Plaques? • Extracellular abnormalities involving the accumulation of beta/A4-amyloid. • Beta/A4-amyloid derives from amyloid precursor protein (APP). • Abnormal degradation of this protein produces peptide fragments which aggregate into insoluble beta/A4-amyloid.

17. What Are Neuritic Plaques? • Spherical in structure measuring about 0.2 millimeters in diameter

18. What Are Neuritic Plaques? • Often found adjacent to capillaries and large blood vessels. • Generally found on the surface of cerebral cortex. • Can be found in other regions of the brain. (i.e. hypothalamus, cerebeller cortex, pons, etc.)

19. What Do They Look Like?

20. Different Stages of Neuritic Plaques • Primitive Plaques • Diffuse Plaques • Hypermature Plaques

21. Different Stages of Neuritic Plaques Diffuse Plaques Primitive Plaques Hypermature Plaques

22. What Do They Look Like?

23. WHAT ARE NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES?

24. Production of Tangles Normal microtubules have stabilizing tau molecules. Diseased microtubules degrade and release the tau molecules which form tangles.

25. What Are Neurofibrillary Tangles? • Twisted nerve cell fibers made up of damaged remains of microtubules. • Tau proteins promote microtubule stability. • Tau proteins become hyperphosphorylated. • Abnormal tau protein binding causes microtubule breakdown and the tau protein clump to form neurofibrillary tangles.

26. What Do They Look Like?

27. What Do They Look Like?

28. Preclinical/Mild AD Brain Blue indicates beta-amyloid

29. Moderate AD Brain Blue indicates beta-amyloid

30. Severe AD Brain Blue indicates beta-amyloid

31. Current Diagnosis & Treatment

32. FocusOn The Use Of Vaccines Research On Alzheimer Treatment

33. The Antibody Molecule

34. How Antibodies Work

35. b-Amyloid Plaques In The Brain Mice injected with antibody Mice was not injected with antibody b-amyloid plaques are seen b-amyloid plaques are not seen Hypoccampus

36. Mice was not injected with antibody Mice injected with antibody Cortex

37. Antibody Production

38. Pharmacokinetics

42. Presented by students in the Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Presented by students in the Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Thanks for having us! We look forward to seeing your faces around the UMBC campus. Presented by students in the Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.