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Berlin - Thursday , 17.07.2003

„Transboundary Watermanagement“ 14 - 24 July. Workshop on. Berlin - Thursday , 17.07.2003. Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water Management. Dr. H. Kehl. Salinization. Where the salt comes from.

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Berlin - Thursday , 17.07.2003

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  1. „Transboundary Watermanagement“ 14 - 24 July Workshop on Berlin - Thursday, 17.07.2003

  2. Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water Management Dr. H. Kehl Salinization Where the salt comes from In general, different salts are inherent parts of all parent rocks. Soils are weathering products of rocks of different origin and salt contents. Therefore, in all soils we can find neutral salts (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-). Silty and loamy soils contain more soluble minerals than sandy soils. The soils in drylands have developed in an environment of limited rainfall and significant periods of drying. This excess of evapotranspiration to rainfall draws water from depth and causes many soluble minerals to accumulate in the upper soil horizons. Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH

  3. Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water Management Dr. H. Kehl Todays Topic of Conversation and Discussion: ”Reactivation of Traditional Ground Water Enrichment and/or Formation through Rain-Water Harvesting/Catchment Systems" Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH

  4. Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water Management Today, ground water enrichment through reforestation is a typical task of West-European Countries in the framework of watershed management. Very often it has been discused in connection with waste water re-use, river bank infiltration and ground water pollution through fertilizers. In arid countries ground water enrichment can be achieved mainly by rain water harvesting (percolation to the ground water). However, it should be clear that watershed management with additional rain water can never provide unlimited extra water. Ground water enrichment and watershed management must therefore be a mangement for demand and equitable allocation. Dr. H. Kehl Preconditions for artificial ground water enrichment and small-scale watershed management Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH

  5. Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water Management Data mining: - topographical data (geomorphology and slope conditions) Dr. H. Kehl Desirable preconditions for ground water enrichment and small-scale watershed management - climate variability, e.g. yearly amount and variation of precipitation (arid, semi-arid, humid climate) - weather-related dynamics of small-scale watersheds of river basins - pedology (distribution and types of soils, storage capacity) - flow data for ephemeral channels (wadis) - water needed for different purposes - aerial photographs and satellite data Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH

  6. Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water Management AND - ONCE MORE :As the most recent DGIS (directorate general for international cooperation, Den Haag, NL) Policy Supporting Paper emphasized: Dr. H. Kehl Desirable preconditions for ground water enrichment and small-scale watershed management „Watershed management approaches may be over reliant on an idealized ‚community‘. The reality is one of groups - landless and landlords, high and low caste, men and women.“ Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH

  7. Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water Management Run-on area of different size Run-off area (catchment) of different size or river redirection Pasture / Field Natural Vegetation Domestic Water for People Dr. H. Kehl The principle of water harvesting and ground water enrichment storage storage soil storage adapted from FAO (strongly modified) Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH

  8. Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water Management Care for Ground water before it becomes rare Concrete Slab with Filter Bed Well Ground Water Source: Directorate of Town Panchayats, India Dr. H. Kehl Possible techniques for ground water enrichment Roof water harvesting Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH

  9. Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water Management Direct ground water enrichment without concret slab and filter bed. Dr. H. Kehl Possible techniques for ground water enrichment Roof water harvesting Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH

  10. Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water Management e.g. Greece, Italy or Cisterns Dr. H. Kehl Possible techniques for ground water enrichment Rain water harvesting from roads and pavements Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH

  11. Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water Management Dr. H. Kehl Possible techniques for ground water enrichment Water harvesting from macrocatchments source: FAO Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH

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