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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates. Spec 3.1.2. CARBOHYDRATES. This type of molecule contains only the elements: C H O. CARBOHYDRATES. Divided into 3 main types; Monosaccharides = single sugars . Monosaccharides – single sugars . Examples. Alpha Glucose 6 carbons . Fructose 6 carbons . Galactose

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Carbohydrates

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  1. Carbohydrates Spec 3.1.2

  2. CARBOHYDRATES • This type of molecule contains only the elements: • C • H • O

  3. CARBOHYDRATES Divided into 3 main types; Monosaccharides = single sugars

  4. Monosaccharides – single sugars Examples Alpha Glucose 6 carbons Fructose 6 carbons Galactose 6 carbons

  5. Glucose – C6H12O6 • Glucose is the best known monosaccharide, having the general formula C6H12O6. • The structural formula is shown in the diagram, sometimes shown with (a) or without (b) the carbon atoms in the ring. • Diagrams a & b represent alphaglucose,whilst diagram c represents beta glucose. These different structures (but same formulae) are called isomers (a) (b) The difference between alpha & beta glucose is here (c)

  6. CARBOHYDRATES Divided into 3 main types; Monosaccharides = single sugars Disaccharides = sugars containing 2 monosaccharide residues

  7. Disaccharides– 2 monosaccharide residues joined together Examples Alpha Glucose sucrose

  8. Disaccharides (to learn) • There are 3 common disaccharides: • Maltose: glucose + glucose • Sucrose: glucose + fructose • Lactose: glucose + galactose

  9. Condensation Reactions Monosaccharide molecules are joined by condensation reactions. This involves the removal of water. The bond that is formed is a glycosidic bond.

  10. Making Chains • Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides join together. • The reaction involves the formation of a water molecule, & so is called a condensation reaction. • The type of bond formed is called a glycosidic bond.

  11. Breaking ‘em down agian • Hydrolysis. Putting the water back in. hydrolysis condensation

  12. Carbohydrate digestion Polysaccharide insoluble disaccharide monosaccharide soluble

  13. CARBOHYDRATES Divided into 3 main types; Monosaccharides = single sugars Disaccharides = sugars containing 2 monosaccharide residues Polysaccharides = very large molecules that contain many monosaccharide residues

  14. Polysaccharides – many monosaccharide residues joined together Examples

  15. Making Longer Chains • Polysaccharides are long chains of many monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds. • There are three important polysaccharides: • Starch • Glycogen • Cellulose

  16. Polysaccharides.

  17. Key Words • Monosaccharide – • Disaccharide – • Polysaccharide – • Condensation reaction – • Hydrolysis reaction – • Glycosidic bond –

  18. Carbohydrates Sugars Monosaccharides (monomers) Disaccharides (dimers) Polysaccharides (polymers) Glucose Fructose Galactose Maltose Sucrose Lactose Starch Glycogen Cellulose

  19. Homework -Learn the structures of alpha glucose, disaccharides and polysaccharides for a mini test next week. Essay- 2 weeks

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