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Precursors of Structuralism

Precursors of Structuralism. Language Durkheim and idea of sacred/profane Linguistics Melds Sociology, the study of social action and interaction, with Linguistics Anthropology. Structuralism. Scientific view of social order based on language Reaction to humanism

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Precursors of Structuralism

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  1. Precursors of Structuralism • Language • Durkheim and idea of sacred/profane • Linguistics • Melds Sociology, the study of social action and interaction, with Linguistics • Anthropology

  2. Structuralism • Scientific view of social order based on language • Reaction to humanism • Individual subject to effect of impersonal forces • Beneath the values and interests are structures based on language

  3. Structuralism • Linguistics based view of social interaction • Saussure—language as a system of signs based on difference • Relation of sound and the object represented is outcome of collective learning • Signifier-signified connection key

  4. Structuralism • Levi-Strauss • Society a a super-language • Unconscious mental structures create social order • Myth, kinship, ritual and beliefs form elementary elements of structure

  5. Derrida • An agency theory of language • Focus on difference • Deconstruction of logical relationships of signifier and signified to reveal hidden difference • Decenters theory and leaves what?

  6. Derrida • Concept of deconstruction • Relationship to critical theory • Socialization and language function in process • Coincides with the politics of difference

  7. Derrida • Language as unstable and changing • Multiple meanings for each word • Context matters to meaning

  8. Semiotics • Broader than structural linguistics • Structure of sign “systems” • Can include nonverbal communication, symbolic behaviors and representations and ritual • Expanded Saussure’s concept to all areas of social life

  9. Levi-Strauss • Language as only one for of social communication • Kinship and Ritual • Phonemes • Language as a structure of the mind

  10. Structural Marxism • Study of structure as a prerequisite to the study of history • Inner logic of structural systems must be examined before origins are analyzed • Reality is not directly visible or palpable • Reality must be determined by looking at underlying logic through scientific cognition to see social order (and disorder)

  11. Summation • Language as the highest form of structure and interaction • Social control through signification of meaning to objects—real or constructed • Socialization makes us subjects of knowledge systems • Who controls meanings?

  12. Summation • To get to real social knowledge must deconstruct the rules of control—deconstruct the language and the meanings ascribed to things/words • See beyond the words to the true meaning

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