The foreign relations of Ro man ia with:

1. The foreign relations of Romania with: • Italy • Holland • Turkey • France • Hungary

2. ROMANIA-ITALY • Bilateral relations: • Italy is one of the Romania strategic partners with whom we have excellent relationships • Romanian-Italian official relations date from the second half of the nineteenth century • Romanian-Italian relations run into Consolidated Strategic Partnership, signed by the foreign ministers from 9 January2008

3. Bilateral relations are characterized by political and frequent contactsand varied sectors, and visits of the Italian President, Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania, or visiting Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs in Romania . Between Romania and Italy was established a mechanism of Intergovernmental Summits . Representants : • The Romanian Ambassador to Italy is Mr. Razvan Rusu . • The Italian Ambassador to Romania is Mr. Mario Cospito . Economic Relations : • Italy is the second commercial partner of Romania , after Germany . • On June 31 st, 2012 were recorded in Romania 32 726 Romanian-Italian companies Cultural relations : • Romanian Academy is in Rome and in Venice, Romanian Institute of Culture and Humanistic Research . • In addition to the six existing Italian lectureships in Romania (Bucharest, Cluj- Napoca, Constanta , Craiova, Iasi, Timisoara ) there are 5 Romanian lectures in Italy ( Padua, Milan, Pisa, Rome, Turin ) , Italian language is also taught in Oradea Suceava and other centers and Romanian language is taught at Reggio Calabria , Catania , Florence, Milan, Naples , Pisa , Turin and Udine . In Romania there are 4 bilingual High Schools Romanian - Italian ( " Dante Alighieri " and " Ion Neculce " Bucharest , " George Bari " in Cluj Napoca and School Group "Transilvania" Deva ) . Since the 2009-2010 , a new bilingual school department operates within the High School " Jean Louis Calderon " in Timisoara.

4. ROMANIA-HOLLAND • Economic relations • Comercial trading are mainly based on the "Treaty of Accession to the European Union" and characterized in recent years by an • absolute increase of Romanian exports to the Netherlands (EUR 380.37 million) compared to 2012, was mainly covered by the following categories of products: machinery and electrical equipment, agricultural crop, vehicles and transport equipment, metallurgy products, furniture, toys and miscellaneous items, plastic and rubber products and textile articles, footwear, food, fats and oils of vegetable or animal origin, chemicals, wood and articles

5. Romanian imports from the Netherlands increased by 94.80 million compared to 2010, and the main product categories that supported this growth were: machinery and electrical equipment , chemicals , vehicles and transport equipment ; plastics and rubber products , metal products , live animals and animal products , crop products , food , textiles and articles thereof , optical , fats and oils of vegetable or animal , furniture, toys and miscellaneous items , leather and leather goods, paper and paperboard , hides and leather , mineral products , articles of stone , cement , ceramics and glass , footwear. Dutch investment in Romania • Netherlands ranks first in the top of the countries with the number of investors in companies with foreign capital . Until December 31st 2011 were recorded 4023 Dutch companies with participation in the share capital , the subscribed capital was 5.977 billion euros. Romanian- Dutch relations • On 21st December 1841, the Hague authorities established the first diplomatic representative in Romania : The Commercial Vice Consulate of Galati • In January 1880 , the Netherlands recognized the independence of Romania, The Gneral Consulate from Bucharest becomes Diplomatic Agency • On August 25, 1966 , relations between the two countries were raised to embassy level . • The Romanian Embassy in Hague is The Permanent Representation of Romania to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ( OPCW ) and the Romanian institution providing direct contact with other international organizations and institutions based in the Netherlands .

6. ROMANIA-TURKEY The first Romanian-Turkish diplomatic contacts dating from the late fourteenth century Economic relations Turkey is ranked the 4 th in the total trade ofRomanian exports respectively 3rd and 5th in Romanian imports . On September 21 st 2006 were registered in Romania 9461 companies with Turkish participation (3rd place ) , with a total invested capital of 543,569.72 thousand dollars ( 11th ) . The main areas in which they invested are : banking, food processing , electronics , textiles, manufacturing bearings, road construction , commercial complex , home appliances, steel , etc. . Currently registered in Turkey are 44 companies with Romanian capital contribution . Culture, education, science, technology Bilateral cooperation is performed based on The Agreement covering scientific and artistic exchanges between the Socialist Republic of Romania and Turkey , signed in Istanbul on July 30, 1966

7. In the field of road transport • The directtraffic is free and the bilateral agreements do not provide quantitative restrictions on contingent or fee authorizations . In the field of air transport • Designated airlines TAROM Turkish Airlines operates scheduled flights on the route Bucharest - Istanbul and return under bilateral air agreement . In the field of railway transport • The traffic with ferry boats is owned by CFR Marfa between Romania and Turkey is governed by The Memorandum of Understanding on the establishing of a direct ferry between Samsun and Constanta . The Agreement of rail traffic on the line ferry between Constanta and Samsun . The Agreement of rail traffic on the line between Constanta and Izmir, Mersin , Liner Agency Agreement between the company CFR Marfa and Team Chartering & Shipping Service Co. . Ltd. - Istanbul . • In the field of maritime transport - Cooperation in maritime navigationby: Regional Contingency Plan in the Black Sea ( Contingency Planning and Emergency Response in the Black Sea Region) provides ongoing cooperation to prevent and combat pollution Romanian Community in Turkey • It is estimated that the number of Romanian ethnics in Turkey is about 10,000. Romanian organizations in Turkey : " Turkish Friendship Association - Romanian " is located in Ankara. " Romanian Association for Social Solidarity " ( ARSS ) is located in Istanbul.

8. ROMANIA-FRANCE Bilateral relations - History The relations between Romanian and French are ancient . In 1396 , the Knights of Jean Nevers, son of the Duke of Burgundy , fought against Turkish soldiers along the Wallachian Prince Mircea the Elder . After the unification of Moldova with Romanian State in 1859 , warmly supported by France , is opened up new diplomatic relations between Romania and France. They were established at legation level on February 20, 1880 , Mihail Kogălniceanu, , former Prime Minister and Foreign Minister , the first minister plenipotentiary in Paris. On November 29 th , 1938 , diplomatic relations were raised to embassy level . After December 1989 , the Franco- Romanian relations have developed considerably. It worth to emphasize in particular the active support of France for integration in the political, economic and European and Euro -Atlantic security . In 2010 we celebrated the 130th anniversary of bilateral diplomatic relations .

9. Political Relations • Currently, bilateral relations between Romania and France are conducted in the framework of the "Joint Declaration on the Strategic Partnership between France and Romania •  The partnership involves ongoing consultation and coordination based on a mechanism for cooperation and exchange of information on the main European dossiers topical , focusing on the fields of environment , transport, energy , regional development Cultural Relations • The French- Romanian relations as a whole , in the level of political, administrative or economical fields , were founded and developed on the basis and in the context of very special cultural relations . • An impressive amount of Romanian designers for different reasons , chose to settle in Hexagon. The most numerous are the writers : Martha Bibescu Anne Noaille , Stump , Tzara , Voronca , Fondane , Gerasimos Luke , Cioran , Eugen Ionesco , Mircea Eliade • In turn, Bucharest , modernized under the influence of Parisian architecture with a social and artistic life impregnated with French culture , has earned the nickname of "Little Paris". • Romania and France is committed to promote each other , culture and image , organizing large events whose visibility and impact on the general public is to assist in establishing and maintaining lasting ties in the fields of intellectual and artistic life . Developing bilateral academic cooperation . Several French lecturers teach in universities in Bucharest, Brasov , Cluj- Napoca, Constanta , Craiova, Iasi , Timisoara and Suceava . • In France, the Romanian language education is provided through a network of lecturers presented at Paris III , Paris IV , INALCO , Bordeaux III , Toulouse II , Aix -Marseille I, Nancy II , Montpellier III , Strasbourg II , Saint- Etienne .

10. ROMANIA-HUNGARY Romanian-Hungarian relations are very good. Romania has an Embassy in Budapest and Hungary has an Embassy in Bucharest. In the context of bilateral relations between the two countries bear the print of historical interaction of the two countries, until the nineteenth century. They were then formed with the establishment of the modern Romanian state in the second half of the nineteenth century. Time to time , the Romanian-Hungarian relations have been tense , marked by the issue of Transylvania after dismantling of Austria-Hungary (1919 ) was awarded the Romanian Kingdom under the Treaty of Trianon . The communist period In 1952, the Hungarian Autonomous Region was established with Hungarian as a second official language alongside Romanian. After the 1956 Hungarian Revolution the civil rights of Hungarians in Romania were gradually restricted . The first step in this direction was pooling Victor Babes Bolyai University of Cluj University after 1989

11. On September 16th, 1996 Romania and Hungary signed and ratified the Timişoara Treatyfor a better understanding , cooperation and good neighborly • The diplomatic relations between Romania and Hungary changed forever with the accession of both countries to NATO and the European Union. • Constitution recognizes the identity of national minorities particularly the notion of " nationality " of the "citizenship " ( which is not all EU countries [16 ] ) but not so far adopted a law on national minorities , governing in a more specific minority rights and how to solve particular problems of minorities . • Romanian- Hungarian relations have the character of strategic partnership in accordance with the Declaration of Strategic Partnership between Romania and the Government of Hungary for the XXIst century Europe , signed in Budapest on 29th of November 2002. Policy and sectorial cooperation is intense , already implemented or under developed numerous major projects in areas such as transport , energy, environment , regional development , etc. .

12. Economiccooperation • Hungary is one of the Romanian traditional partners and permanently occupied a leading position in the Romanian foreign trade , being in 2012 the 3rd in total trade of Romania after Germany and Italy • On June 30, 2012 ,were registered in Romania 11,525 the Romanian-Hungarian mixed companies , with a total invested capital of EUR 650 030 000 , Hungary thus occupying 14th place in the ranking of countries investing in Romania . Also in Hungary were recorded over 6,000 Hungarian- Romanian mixed companies. Romanian community in Hungary • On The Hungarian census of 2011 , 26 345 people have said are of Romanian origin Hungarian minority in Romania • According to provisional results published on the census of 2011, the Hungarian minority in Romania has about 1.238 million people and represents 6.5% of total population Working conditions • Since 1 January 2009, the Romanian citizens have accessed the labor market in Hungary.