Diplomacy & the Second World War

1. Diplomacy & the Second World War APUSH

2. Foreign Policy

3. 1. How did US foreign policy change between 1920 & 1941?

4. US Foreign Policy… • United States foreign policy changed from ISOLATIONISM to INVOLVEMENT in world affairs

5. 2. Where can one see the ISOLATIONISM of the interwar years?

6. Isolationism… • American opposition to the Versailles Treaty and the League of Nations after WW I • Feared it would limit freedom of action and obligate involvement in foreign wars • Nye Committee, 1934-1936 • Senate committee that said US entered WW I to make $ for bankers and munitions makers

7. Isolationism… • America First Committee, 1940 • Mobilized US public opinion against war • Grew after Lend-Lease Act • Defunct after Pearl Harbor • Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937

9. 3. For what reasons did the US start to become INVOLVED in world affairs?

10. Involved… • Security Concerns • Washington Conference, 1921 • Japanese aggression • German aggression • Economic Concerns • Dawes and Young Plans, 1920s • Maintain trade

11. Involved… • Political Concerns • Maintain Democracy • “arsenal of democracy” • Special relationship with Britain and France

12. The Rise of Aggressor States and the US Response

13. 1. What nations became increasingly aggressive in the 1930s?

14. Aggressive Nations… • Japan • Italy (Mussolini) • Germany (Hitler)

15. Japan… • Motivation for Aggression… • Raw materials for its growing population • Racism • Targets (Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere)… • China, 1931 and 1937 • Korea , since 1910 • Southeast Asia, after 1940

16. Italy… • Motivation for Aggression… • Prestige and empire (denied by the Treaty of Versailles) • Target… • Ethiopia, 1935

17. Germany… • Motivation for Aggression… • Prestige and empire (denied by Treaty of Versailles) • Targets… • Rhineland, 1936 • Austria, 1938 • Sudetenland, 1938 • Bohemia and Moravia, 1939

19. 2. How did the US respond to the aggressive actions of these 3 countries until 1939?

20. US Response Until 1939… • ISOLATIONISM & NEUTRALITY

21. Outbreak of War and the US Response

22. 1. What event started WW II in Europe?

23. Invasion of Poland… • German invasion of Poland, September 1939 • Hitler demanded Polish corridor • Hitler knew this meant war with Britain and France • Hitler needed to neutralize the USSR • Germans invade Poland, Britain/France declare war

24. 2. What major events in the war took place in 1939-1940?

25. 1939-1940… • September – October 1939: blitzkrieg in Poland • October 1939 – April 1940: sitzkrieg in Poland • April 1940: blitzkrieg begins; Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and France invaded • Brits evacuate at Dunkirk • June 1940: France falls

28. 3. How did the US respond to the outbreak of war in Europe?

29. US Response to War in Europe… • FDR declares US neutrality, BUT chips away at Neutrality Acts in order to favor Britain; US becomes an “arsenal of democracy” • Cash and Carry, 1939 • Selective Service Act, 1940 • Destroyers for Bases, 1940 • Lend-Lease Act, 1941 • Atlantic Charter, 1941 • Shoot on Sight, 1941

31. The US Enters WW II

32. 1. What events strained relations with Japan?

33. Issues with Japan… • Japan’s aggressive actions in the Far East • Invasion of China, 1931 and 1937 • Invasion of French Indochina, 1941 • US Response • FDR prohibits sale of steel, scrap iron, and OIL to Japan

34. 2. What event drew the US into the war?

38. Attack on Pearl Harbor… • December 7, 1941 • Why did the Japanese attack? • How did the attack impact the US? • Why was it such a surprise?

39. 4. Once war was declared, which “theater” of war did the US focus on most?

40. European Theater… • FDR saw the most dangerous immediate threat to be Nazi Germany • June 1941 – Operation Barbarossa

41. WW II: The Home Front(Economy, Labor, Finance)

42. 1. How did the war affect the US economy?

43. WW II & the US Economy… • WW II lifted the US out of the Great Depression • Production skyrockets/consumption keeps up • Government’s role in the economy EXPANDS

44. 2. How did the war affect labor?

45. WW II & US Labor… • The war took away some gains from the 1930s • wages were frozen by the OPA • Ability to strike was limited • Anti-Strike Act of 1943: enabled government to take over industry threatened by strikes

46. 3. How did the war affect business?

47. WW II & US Business… • Large corporations became more powerful; especially if they were “essential” to victory, like oil corporations

48. 4. How did the US finance the war?

49. Financing the War… • Increased income tax • Sold war bonds

50. WW II: The Home Front(Social Issues)