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THE CHANGE IN THE CONCEPT OF TIME

THE CHANGE IN THE CONCEPT OF TIME. A comparison between the concept of time in Modern Age and in classical societies. Barzellato Roberta, 5°A A.S. 2012-2013. Reasons for choosing the path. The concept of time fascinates me because of the importance people give to it .

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THE CHANGE IN THE CONCEPT OF TIME

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  1. THE CHANGE IN THE CONCEPT OF TIME A comparisonbetween the concept of time in Modern Age and in classical societies Barzellato Roberta, 5°A A.S. 2012-2013

  2. Reasons for choosing the path • The concept of time fascinates me because of the importancepeoplegive to it. • To betterunderstand the innovations in Modernsociety • To improvemyskills in makingintertextuality and connectionsbetweendifferentsubjects Questions to start • Whyis time so important? • Whydid the concept of time change in Modern Age? • Whatis the maindifferencesbetweenclassicalpeople’s idea of time and modernists’ one?

  3. The Importance Of Time In Classical society [Epistulae ad Lucilium, I - Seneca] • Time wasconsideredprecious • People thoughttheycould dominate it • Past, present and future are different «cathegories» • The importance of the present: the only moment to realize the self-improvement

  4. The end of the faith in the domination of time An importantevent in history The Industrial Revolution The mostimportant «values» were production and the profit Time of production became more important than the one of the existance People were time depended

  5. The Modern Age Importantevents • Victorian doubts and fearsabout society and man’splacewereconfirmed • International competition for the control of trades • Atmosphere of tensionEuropeannationswereobliged to makedefensivealleances • The First World War Consequences • Science and industryhadonlybrutalized men • Distruction of people self-confidence • The basis of traditional science (Euclideangeometry and Newtonianphysics) and system of thoughtwere put intodiscussion

  6. A new idea about time • Einstein’sTheory of Relativity: space and time changeaccording to the point of view • James’ idea thattime flowsincessantlylike a river • Bergson’spsychological time: time is an illusionbecausepast and presentexisttogether with the present in people’smind Literature and art wereinfluenced by the new ideas

  7. James Joyce • No objective time: the whole story lastsonlyoneday • Inner time expandsfrom past to future: past, present and future on the samelayer • Present: what an unearthly hour I suppose theyre just getting up in China nowcombing out theirpigtails for the daywellsoonhave the nunsringing the angelus […] • Past:  […] the sunshines for you he said the daywewerelyingamong the rhododendrons on Howth head in the grey tweed suit and hisstrawhat the day I gothim to propose to me yes […] • Future:  to put about the place in case he bringshim home tomorrowtoday I mean no no Fridays an unluckyday  […] whatll I wearshall I wear a white rose or thosefairy cakes in Liptons […] • [Quotation from Molly’smonologue] • Stream of consciousness: he focuses on the mentalprocess • association of different images: no logic, and so, no chronologicalsequencebut a spontaneous way.

  8. absence of paragraphs and punctuaction • Memories and ideasflowswithout a logic, so the human beingcan’torganizethem. • Interiormonologue: subjectiveperspective and no differences • betweeninner world and external world.

  9. Virginia Woolf • Interiormonologue: to tell the story through the minds of the principalcharacters • Contrastbetweenpsychological time and clock time Consciousneess: shifts from onecharacter’spoint of view to the other, from present to past Chronological time: one single day • Stream of consciousness • Division in unitsas Big Ben strikes the hours: reminder of the presence of a material world totallyunconnected with human desires.

  10. Salvador Dalì, The persistance of memory The importance of inner time Oneno-molten clock isdevoured by ants: itis a sortof revenge; time devourspeople’slife aswellasantsdevour the clock • Three moltenclocks images for the innertime: • oneishung by a tree: an event can be delated by the memory • the secondonehas a fly: rot, the idea of the passing of time • the thirdoneis on an embryonicform: symbol of life assomethingthattwists the geometrical and mathematicalform of the mechanic time. Inner time: an elastic time memories The persistance of memory, 1931

  11. Pablo Picasso, Guernica The simultaneity Guernica, 1937 • The same scene ispainted from differentpoints of view • Past, present and future cohexist • Men’sconsciousness re-elaborateswhatpeoplesee

  12. Claude Debussy • Rhythmisvariousand chordsaren’tconcatenated the absence of paragraphs and punctuactions in literature • Free and fragmentedmelodiesfree association of images

  13. Conclusions Twodifferenttypes of time: Clock-time: governs the progress of life and ordersevents. Inner time: flexible; constantly in flux and can be compressed or extended

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