Past simple

1. Past simple Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous

2. Past Simple • Monosyllabicending in 1 vowel+1 conson, doubleconson • Stop—stopped • 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd, doubleconsonant • Permit—permitted • V ending in conson + y i + ed • Study—studied • Vowel + y + edplay - played I played Use + Suj + V+ -ed 2ndcol I sang - Suj + didn´t + verb • Past and finishedactions. • Wevisitedthemuseumlastweek • A series of completedactions in thepast • When I openedthedoor, thedogbarked at thepostman. • Paststates. • The old lady lived in thishouse in 1887 I didn´tplay I didn´tsing ? Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ? Didyouplay? Didyousing? TIME EXPRESSIONS Yesterday last week/year 2 days ago In 2002 in the 80s when then

3. Presentperfect Have Has + V-ed 3ª col + I have worked She has written - I haven´t worked She hasn´t written ? Have you worked? Has she written ? A+S+V ? Time expressions Ever , never , yet , just , Already , lately , howlong..? For , since , in recentyears

4. TIME EXPRESSIONS • EVER : (Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo. • Have youeverbeen in London? • NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa. • I haveneverseen a class like this. • FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace) • I´ve known himfortwenty years. (Le conozco desde hace 20 años) • SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción. • I´ve known her since 1994. (La conozco desde 1994) • JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo. • Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo” • I´vejustwashed my hair ( Me acabo de lavar el pelo). • ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” ) • I´vealready seen that film ( Ya he visto esa película) • Have you alreadywashed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?) • YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase) • Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado) • Interrogativas(“ya”) Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

5. usos • Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento. • I have eaten Chinese food many times • Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron tiempo atrás. (Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se hacen con “Howlong..?” • I´velivedhereforfiveyears ( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-todavía vivo aquí) • Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver. • We´vepaintedthekitchen • Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos “just” entre el aux. y el verbo • Theteamhasjustscoreda goal

6. CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT • Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado. • When did Sam go to India? Last June • PresentPerfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento indeterminado. • Sam has been to India. • Past Simple:accionescompletamenteacabadas. I lived in India in 1992. • PresentPerfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan en el presente. I´velived in India since 1992. • Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, • 2 years ago. • Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

7. PresentPerfectis a Present Tense. Italwaystellsussomethingaboutnow. • I´velost my keys= I don´thave my keysnow. • Wedon´t use PresentPerfectifthereis no connectionwiththepresent. • Past Simple tellsusonlyaboutthepast. • I lost my keys= Wedon´tknowwhether I havethemnowornot. • Weonlyknowthat I lostthem at some time in thepast

8. Presentperfect continuous Presentperfect of “tobe” Havebeen Has been + V-ing ( llevar + gerundio) Time expressions I have been working She has been studying + For a year , since 2002 , howlong..? Allday / night / week … I haven´t been working She hasn´t been studying - Use Have you been working ? Has she been studying ? ? • Anactionthatstarted in thepast and whichstillcontinues in thepresent. Or has recentlystopped. • You´reout of breath. Haveyoubeenrunning? • She has beenworkingherefor 2 years • Actionsrepeatedover a period of time. • She´sbeenplayingtennissinceshewas 8 • Anactionwhoseresults are stillapparent. • I´mstilltired.. I havebeenstudyingallnight

9. PresentPerfect and PresentPerfectContinuous Period of time: I´ve been washing the car. I´m rather wet Completed action: I´ve washed the car. It looks a lot cleaner now The CONTINUOUS here focuses on the action going on The SIMPLE focuses on the result of the action Continuous : For an activity that is still happening. How long ? How long have you been reading that book? Simple : Completed actions. How much? How many? How many times? How many pages of the book have you read? Mary is still writing letters. She´s been writing letters all day Mary has written ten letters today. • Non-continuousverbs: like, know, believe, etc. Notnormallyused in CONT Live & work : we use either CONTINUOUS or SIMPLE John has been living/has lived in London for a long time With “always” we use the SIMPLE . John has alwayslived in London