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UPOV requirements for PVP. New Distinct Uniform Stable 20 yrs minimum protection 72,000 varieties currently protected. UPOV’s exceptions to breeders’ rights. Acts done privately and for non-commercial purposes (Farmers’ privilege) Experimental pursoses (breeders’ exemption).
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UPOV requirements for PVP • New • Distinct • Uniform • Stable 20 yrs minimum protection 72,000 varieties currently protected
UPOV’s exceptions to breeders’ rights • Acts done privately and for non-commercial purposes (Farmers’ privilege) • Experimental pursoses (breeders’ exemption)
Benefits of PVP (acc. to UPOV) • Economic: varieties with improved yield leading to reductions in the price of end-products for consumers, or improved quality, leading to higher value products with increased marketability; • Health: varieties with improved nutritional content; • Environmental: varieties with improved disease resistance or stress tolerance; • Pure pleasure: for example with ornamental plants.
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Dutfield’s critiques • Non-adapted for many LDCs • Focus on a few big crops • Less seed saving • Need to use fertilizers and pesticides • Monoculture/ loss of plant genetic deiversity • Concentration of ownership • Conflict with CBD’s ABS principles