Chapter 3 Section 4

1. Chapter 3 Section 4 Southern Colonies

2. Maryland • George Calvert, Lord Baltimore – founders • Wanted a safe place for Catholics who were persecuted in England • Died before he received the grant • His son, Cecilius, inherited the colony

3. Baltimore • Main settlement of Maryland • Had large estates for close relatives & aristocrats from England • Promised 100 acres to each male settler, 100 for his wife, 100 for each servant, 50 for each child • What is this called?? • Also imported African slaves and indentured servants

4. MASON – DIXON LINE • Calvert & Penn families argued over boundary between the colonies. • 1760s; hired two British astronomers • Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon • Rocks were painted to form a visual boundary line • Mason Dixon line was the boundary line between the North and South Pennsylvania Maryland

5. ACT OF TOLERATION, 1649 • Protestants outnumbered Catholics in Maryland • Calvert had to create a law to protect the Catholics • This law allowed Protestants & Catholics the right to worship freely.

6. VIRGINIA EXPANDS • Wealthy tobacco owners in Virginia had the best lands near the coast. • New settlers were forced to move inland. • Governor William Berkeley wanted Virginia to expand. William Berkeley

7. BACON’S REBLLION • Arrived at Jamestown when he was 26. • Had gotten into a lot of trouble in England and his father hoped that sending him to Virginia would straighten him out. • He was a cousin to the governor’s wife.

8. BACON’S REBELLION • After only one year in Virginia, he became a member of the governor’s council. • Previously, only wealthy land owners who had been in the colony for a period of time were allowed to be on the council.

9. BACON’S REBLLION • Berkeley had told the Native Americans that the settlers would stay off their lands. • Bacon, however, opposed the governor. • Many refused to stay out of the lands in the west.

10. BACON’S REBELLION • 1676 • Bacon led a rebellion of westerners in an attack on Native American villages. • Then, he set fire to the capital and drove Berkeley into exile. • The rebellion ended when Bacon died. • Showed that the colonists were not willing to be restricted to the coast.

12. CAROLINAS • Settled mostly by farmers • Grew tobacco and sold timber products • Did not have a good harbor • Relied on Virginia’s ports and merchants to conduct their trade North Carolina

13. CAROLINAS • Fertile farmland • Great harbor at Charles Town • Slave labor • Island of Barbados • Slaves were used to produce sugar on the island • Worked rice fields in Carolina • By 1708, more than half the people in southern Carolina were slaves South Carolina

14. GEORGIA • A colony for English debtors and poor people could make a fresh start • Also used as a buffer to the Spanish settlements in Florida • Savannah – main settlement • 1751 colony failed and was given back to the crown James Oglethorpe

15. NEW FRANCE • Quebec • France had control of Canada. • Built forts and trading posts • Worked with the Native Americans and became friends

16. NEW SPAIN • Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America. • Also expanded into western and southern parts of what would one day be the United States. • 1609 / 1610 –Santa Fe, NM • Spanish priests created a string of missions to Christianize the Indians