Chapter 4 Section 3

1. Chapter 4 Section 3 American Revolution

2. Fighting: • New York City (Summer 1776): Continental Army showed inexperience and were easily defeated by the British. • NYC will become the headquarters for the British. • Battle of White Plains (October 1776): Washington’s army is forced to retreat. • Instead of following the defeated Continental Army, Howe’s force’s head towards Philadelphia.

3. Crossing of the Delaware (December 1776) • The British forces were set up in winter quarters in New Jersey. • December 25: Washington led approximately 2,400 men across the icy Delaware River. • They attacked an army of Hessians at Trenton. • Results: Killed or wounded nearly 1000 men (Patriot victory). • Several days later, they attacked Princeton.

4. Battle of Brandywine Creek (Fall 1777): • Generals Howe’s troops defeated Washington and captured Philadelphia. • Problem: The Continental Congress was able to escape and the army set up winter camp at Valley Forge. • Winter 1777-1778: Brutal conditions at Valley Forge, 2,500 troops die of starvation and cold. • American troops were now being trained by European military officers.

5. Battle of Saratoga (NY, October 1777) • British surrender on October 17, 1777. • The Patriot victory was a turning point because it improved morale and convinced France to send troops to America. • France Enters the War: • February 1778: US signs its first 2 treaties as a nation with France. • France was the first nation to recognize the United States of America (Ally).

6. Southern Campaign: • Following the defeat at Saratoga, the British focused their attention on the Southern Colonies (Strong Loyalist support). • May 1780: British capture Charles Town SC. This was the biggest American defeat of the entire war. • American commanders in the south began organizing local militia’s to carry out hit and run raids against the British. • Francis Marion “The Swamp Fox”: American Patriot who leads the raids. • Late 1781: British control small section of the South.