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Review: List ways meiosis differs from mitosis.

. SCI SPOT TUESDAY: 2/20/18. Review: List ways meiosis differs from mitosis. Poster Formative Assessment. Types-of-genetic-disorders-definitions-symptoms.STUDY. READ pages 451-454 TURN YOUR POSTER IN BY WEDNESDAY 2/21/18 (We will do presentations on Monday) PROJECT MUST INCLUDE:

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Review: List ways meiosis differs from mitosis.

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  1. .SCI SPOT TUESDAY: 2/20/18 Review: List ways meiosis differs from mitosis.

  2. Poster Formative Assessment Types-of-genetic-disorders-definitions-symptoms.STUDY READ pages 451-454 TURN YOUR POSTER IN BY WEDNESDAY 2/21/18 (We will do presentations on Monday) PROJECT MUST INCLUDE: 1.Causes (10 Pts) 2. Symptoms (10Pts), 3. Treatments (10Pts), 4. Interesting fact or Question/Answer (10Pts), 5. 3 Sources (10Pts) (bibliography-where you found your information online) : Total 50 Pts PRESENTATIONS ANOTHER 50 POINTS  Huntingtons-the-disease

  3. STUDY PPTs 20-25 REVIEW FOR DIA TEST Thursday WEEK 26 2/20-2/23 Mendel 414-417

  4. Alien Genetics. SKIN COLOR Gg or GG or gg Green is dominant to Purple g g - Mom- Genotype = GG or Gg_ Dad- Genotype = gg____ G Gg Gg g gg gg 1. Genotype - Homozygous Recessive = 50% ____ 2. Genotype - Homozygous Dominant = _0%___ 3. Genotype - Heterozygous = 50% ____ Phenotype ratio=____50% green to 50% purple_____________% 4. What % green _____ 5. What % purple_____

  5. Mother Recessive white__________ bb • Father Dominant ___________BB, Bb

  6. Predicting Human Traits w/ a PUNNETT SQUARE!!! 94 T14 (T14) solve Punnett squares to determine the probabilities for genotypes and phenotypes. Let’s focus on Hair Color to start : B = Brown Hair b = blonde hair Dominant Gene = ____ Recessive Gene = ____ Both Parents are heterozygous---- Mom- Genotype = ____ Dad- Genotype = ____ 1. Genotype - Homozygous Recessive = ____ 2. Genotype - Homozygous Dominant = ____ 3. Genotype - Heterozygous = ____ Phenotype ratio=_________________% 4. What % have brown hair _____ 5. What % have blond hair?_____

  7. Predicting Human Traits w/ a PUNNETT SQUARE!!! 94 T14 (T14) solve Punnett squares to determine the probabilities for genotypes and phenotypes. Let’s focus on Tall and Short Plants to start : T = tall t = short Dominant Gene = ____ Recessive Gene = ____ Plants are homozygous one is dominant and is recessive.---- Mom- Genotype = ____ Dad- Genotype = ____ 1. Genotype - Homozygous Recessive = ____ 2. Genotype - Homozygous Dominant = ____ 3. Genotype - Heterozygous = ____ Phenotype ratio=_________________% 4. What % will be tall _____ 5. What % will be short?_____

  8. Albinism is a recessive disorder. SCI SPOT Wednesday: 2/21/18 PAGE 453 Review DRAW –MAKE A PEDIGREE OF A FAMILY WITH THREE CHILDREN TWO SONS AND ONE DAUGHTER-WHO HAS ALBINISM LIKE HER MOM. + GIVE GENOTYPES OF ALL FAMILY MEMBERS.

  9. SCI SPOT THURSDAY 2/22/18 DIA IS TODAY Carrier MALE HEALTHY female = has Sickle Cell = has Sickle Cell ASSIGN GENOTYPES AND COMPLET PUNNETT SQUARES AND SHADE IN CARRIERS AND AFFECTED FAMILY MEMBERS Sickle Cell is Recessive. F1 1 3 2 4 5 6 F2 9 7 8 10 12 11 F3 14 15 13 ANSWER: How many % of children of the F1 generation are likely to have sickle cell if the father is a carrier?

  10. OLWEUS CLASS 2 • 1. RAISE HAND WHEN YOU WANT TO SPEAK • 2. EVERYONE HAS RIGHT TO BE HEARD. • 3. WE LET OTHERS SPEAK=NO INTERRUPTING. • 4. EVERYONE HAS A RIGHT TO PASS. • 5. WE CAN DISAGREE WITHOUT SAYING MEAN THINGS. • 6. WHEN TALKING ABOUT BULLYING WE DON’T MENTION NAMES!!! BUT DO REPORT!

  11. .SCI SPOT FRIDAY: 2/23/18 CYSTIC FIBROSIS IS A RECESSIVE DISORDER. WHAT ARE THE GENOTYPES OF THE FIRST GENERATION OF CHILDREN? SEE PEDIGREE:

  12. Heredity When organisms reproduce, genetic information from each parent is passed from one generation to the next. This passing of traits from parents to offspring is called heredity. Human heredity is quite interesting. Many traits that are easily seen are inherited, like hair and eye color, skin type, and height. Traits for health conditions can also be inherited. Examples of such conditions include hemophilia (a blood-clotting disorder) and color-blindness (a disorder that makes a person unable to distinguish some colors). Traits like height, weight, and the shape of your body are inherited, but are also greatly influenced by your environment. For example, your diet and the amount of exercise you get are a couple of things that can change your body size and appearance. The genes you inherit give you the potential for many traits, but the person you become depends on your environment as well. Genetics is the study of heredity. Gregor Mendel is the scientist who is known as the “Father of Genetics.” Mendel did many early experiments with heredity. Every organism has a set of genes that determine traits. These genes occur in pairs because every person gets one gene for a certain trait from their mom and one from their dad. Each gene in a pair is called an allele. People do not get more genes/traits from mom or from dad, just some of the genes in a pair are dominant and some are recessive. If one of the alleles (genes in a pair) masks the effect of another allele, it is called a dominant allele. The allele that is masked by the dominant allele is called a recessive allele. Alleles are often written using letters. A dominant allele is shown with a capital letter, such as “B” for brown eyes. The recessive allele for the same trait is shown with a lowercase version of the same letter. So, in this case, “b” would stand for lighter eyes. The possible set of alleles for an organism is known as the genotype. The actual appearance the trait takes on is called the phenotype. Therefore, the genotype for a person with brown eyes might be “BB”, and the phenotype would be “brown eyes”. Due to the fact that offspring inherit one allele from each parent. Sometimes an organism will inherit two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles for a trait. So if a person had the gene pair “BB” he/she would have brown eyes, and if the person had the gene pair “bb” the person would have lighter eyes. When the person has two of the same alleles for a trait they are said to be homozygous for that trait. However, sometimes the offspring will inherit one dominant trait and one recessive trait. In this case, the dominant trait would “mask” or “override” the recessive trait. So, if a person had the gene pair “Bb” he/she would have brown eyes. When the person has two different alleles for a trait they are said to be heterozygous for that trait. A table called a Punnett Square can be used to predict the possible traits that offspring will have based on the traits their parents have. In a Punnett Square, the top of the table shows the alleles contributed by the male. The side of the table shows the two alleles contributed by the female. It is sometimes difficult to predict exact traits, like hair and eye color, because there are so many variations in the genes that control these traits. But, a Punnett square will still give a good idea of what traits the offspring might show. See example Punnett Square below to see how it works: NAME______________ • Mark Your Text • NUMBER PARAGRAPHS • CIRCLE UNKNOWNS/ • FACTS/TERMINOLOGY • 3. UNDERLINE DESCRIPTIONS/EVIDENCE Gene from mom Pair of chromosomes alleles CREATE YOUR OWN PUNNETT SQUARE: (See example below) __________ Gene from dad b b B Bb Bb Example Mrs. Kraemer has the genotype “bb” for eye color, she got these alleles from her parents. She has blue eyes. Julia’s dad has the genotype “BB” for eye color, he got these alleles from his parents. He has brown eyes. Look at the Punnett Square to the right to see the possibility of eye color for Julia. Bb Bb B

  13. Predicting Human Traits w/ a PUNNETT SQUARE!!! FRI 2/9/18 Hermione (BROWN HAIR) marries Draco who has blond hair. What are possible genotypes of their children’s hair color? Hermione’s genotype = BB Draco’s genotype = bb Dominant Gene = ____ Recessive Gene = ____ Mom- Hermione Genotype=___ Dad-Draco Genotype = ____ 1. Genotype - Homozygous Recessive = ____ 2. Genotype - Homozygous Dominant = ____ 3. Genotype - Heterozygous = ____ Phenotype ratio=_________________% 4. What % will HAVE Blond HAIR _____ 5. What % will HAVE BROWN? _____

  14. Punnet Square Song I GOT MY BROWN HAIR FROM MY MOM AND DAD • THE PUNNET SQUARE GAVE IT THAT AWAY • BUT I'D SURE LIKE A NEW PHENOTYPE • CAUSE I'M TOO SHORT TO REACH ANYTHING • WELL WHAT ABOUT YOU, WHAT ABOUT YOU • I'M USING MY PUNNET SQUARE SO WHAT ABOUT YOU • THERE IS DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE • BUT I DON'T KNOW WHAT I'M POSSESSING SO • I'm using my Punnet Square what about you, • I got my genotype that shows my smile • the one with dad's genes I suppose • IF IT'S DOMINANT WHO KNOWS • these determine the ratios so • I am using my Punnet Square so • what about you? • THERE IS DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE • BUT I DON'T KNOW WHAT I'M POSSESSING SO • I'm using my Punnet Square what about you

  15. Weasley’s Genetics All Weasley children have freckles and red hair. Use the Punnett Square to predict the most likely genotypes of Molly and Arthur Weasley for the two traits.(parents) Use the following allele possibilities: • r (recessive red color) = Red hair • R(dominant brown color) = Brown hair • F (dominant) = Has Freckles • f (recessive) = No freckles

  16. Answers: Weasley Family All Weasley children have freckles and red hair—100% probability. Possible genotypes for their red hair (recessive trait) and freckles (dominant trait) are: rr only for red hair and Ff or FF for freckles. The Punnett Squares show the following genotypes for the children: Both parents have rr. At least one parent has FF. . rr rr Ff/FF Ff/FF Ff/FF Ff/FF rr rr

  17. ISN NOTEBOOKS/PENCILS Genetics in Harry Potter’s World SPOT CHECK: What is (Define): BIOTECHNOLOGY Therapeutic-stem-cells TWIG Genetic-modification

  18. Homozygoes/Heterozygoes bb Homo-zygoes RECESSIVE-Both parents donate bb RECESSIVE Alleles “b+b BB Homo-zygoes DOMINANT BB Both parents donate “ B+B” DOMINANT ALLELE Bb Will express dominant gene HETEROZYGOES Each parent donate different “b or B” alleles

  19. KNOW DEFINITIONS: • Homozygous – having two identical alleles for a trait (ex: TT – homozygous dominant or tt – homozygous recessive) • Heterozygous – having two different alleles for a trait (ex: Tt) • Hybrid – offspring of crosses with different traits AND REVIEW:__________________________________________ • Genotype – genetic makeup of an individual (ex: TT, Tt or tt) • Phenotype – physical appearance of an individual (ex: brown, tall) • Probability – the likelihood that an event will occur

  20. Teams: Group CLASS WORKFocus/Impact/Ignite • 1. If both genes for a traits are the same, what is the offspring called? • 2. What is a hybrid? • 3. Cross between two hybrids will result in what kind of genotypic ratio? (compare recessive and dominant) • 4. What is the name of the scientist that studied peas to learn about heredity? • 5. Cross between two purebred traits will result in what kind of genotypic ratio?

  21. Review • 1. If both genes for a traits are the same, what is the offspring called? Hybrid • 2. Cross between two hybrids will result in what kind of genotypic ratio? (compare recessive and dominant) 75% dominant 25% recessive • 3. What is the name of the scientist that studied peas to learn about heredity? GREGOR Mendel • 4. Cross between two purebred traits will result in what kind of genotypic ratio? 100% hybrid

  22. Punnett Square:Heredity Prediction Diagram

  23. Punnett Square: Freckles Case 1 Mom has freckles (dominant trait) and dad has none. And each parent has a homozygous genotype (Use white boards to write your answer). Their genotypes are: Mom = Dad =

  24. Punnett Square: Freckles Case 1 The parents’ homozygous genotypes are: Mom = F F Dad = f f Punnett Square

  25. Punnett Square: Freckles Case 1 The parents’ homozygous genotypes are: Mom = F F Dad = f f Using the parents’ genotypes, each inner square is filled with a possible genotype for their child. F F f f

  26. Punnett Square: Freckles Case 2 What happens if both mom and dad have freckles whose genotypes are heterozygous? (Use white boards to write your answer) Their genotypes are: Mom = Dad =

  27. Punnett Square: Freckles Case 1 The parents’ homozygous genotypes are: Mom = F F Dad = f f All possible genotypes of their children have a freckle-dominant allele, predicting a 100% chance of their children having freckles. F F Ff Ff f f Ff Ff

  28. Punnett Square: Freckles Case 2 The parents’ heterozygous genotypes are: Mom = F f Dad = F f Using the parents’ genotypes, each inner square is filled with a possible genotype for their child. F f F f

  29. Punnett Square: Freckles Case 2 The parents’ heterozygous genotypes are: Mom = F f Dad = F f Punnett Square

  30. Punnett Square: Freckles Case 2 F f The parents’ heterozygous genotypes are: Mom = F f Dad = F f There is a 75% probability that their child will have freckles, or a 25% chance of a child with no freckles. FF Ff F f Ff ff

  31. Magic 101: Making Special Power Super Bugs • You went to Diagonal Alley • were you purchased Genotypes from the old pharmacy; • RR or Rr–red antennae • rr–green antennae • SS or Ss–3 body segments • ss–2 body segments • CC or cc–Striped tail • cc–straight tail • LL or Ll–3 pairs of legs • ll–2 pairs of legs • BB or Bb–brown nose • bb–red nose • GG or Gg–thick big feet • gg– thin small feet • EE or Ee–2 eyes • ee–3 eyes 2. From these very old magical ingredients “Bug Family Traits” you were asked to combine the “Mom bug” alleles and the “Dad bug” alleles in order to create a brand new Superbug. Hint: Make 7 Punnett Squares one for each of the traits and create 7 genotypes for your “New Baby Bug”: 1. Antennae color 2. Number of body segments 3. Tail shape 4. Number of leg pairs 5. Nose color 6. Foot color 7. Number of eyes 3. Collect materials needed and create your Bug (to acquire the magical properties from these insects they must be eaten fresh, or magic will expire.

  32. ISN NOTEBOOKS/PENCILS Genetics in Harry Potter’s World Objective: QUIZ-QUIZ-TRADE

  33. QUIZ-QUIZ-TRADE. • 1. What is the combination of the actual inherited alleles called (represented by two letters)? • 2. What is process of moving pollen from one plant to next plant called? • 3. Which genotype from the two types represent female/male (Choose XX or XY?) • 4. When traits are expressed in an organism by sets/pairs of instruction this is called?

  34. 1. What is the combination of the actual inherited alleles called (represented by two letters)? genotype • 2. What is process of moving pollen from one plant to next plant called? Cross-pollination • 3. Which genotype from the two types represent female/male (female XX or male XY?) • 4. When traits are expressed in an organism by sets/pairs of instruction this is called? gene

  35. Genetics in Harry Potter’s World COMING UP : LAB Objective: BUILD YOUR DRAGON! 

  36. SPOT CHECK QUIZ Genetics LETS REVIEW OUR SCI SPOT PLEASE: WRITE YOUR Name ON BOTH PAPERS!

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