DRR and heritage activities in Jordan

1. Amman Amman Office DRR and heritage activities in Jordan Presentation by: Dr. Anna Paolini Director, UNESCO Amman Office, Jordan Director ai, UNESCO Doha office for GCC and Yemen

2. Policies, recommendations • Declaration of Quebec (1996). • The Kobe/Tokyo Declaration on Risk Preparedness for Cultural Heritage (1997) • Radenci Declaration (1998); • Torino Declaration (2004) • Kyoto Declaration on the Protection of Cultural Properties, Historic Areas and their Settings from Loss in Disasters (2005); • Kobe recommendations (2005) • IDRC Davos Declaration (2006) • Delhi Declaration on Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia (2007) • World Heritage Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction (2007) • Strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses to Climate Change on World Heritage properties (2008) • Kathmandu Recommendations (2009) • Beijing Appeal on WH, DRR and CC (2009) • Lima Declaration (2010) • ISDR Venice Declaration (2012)

3. Principles for DRR for cultural heritage/1 • The key is advance planning and preparation; • Advance planning should include concern for the whole property, its buildings, structures, and their associated contents and landscapes; • Advance planning should integrate relevant heritage considerations within a property’s overall disaster prevention strategy; • Preparedness requirements should be met in heritage buildings by means which will have least impact on heritage values; • Heritage properties, their significant attributes and the disaster response history of the property should be clearly documented as a basis for appropriate disaster planning, response and recovery;

4. Principles for DRR for cultural heritage/2 • Maintenance programmes for historic properties should integrate a cultural heritage-at-risk perspective; • Property occupants and users should be directly involved in development of emergency-response plans; • Securing heritage features should be a high priority during emergencies; • Following a disaster, every effort should be made to ensure the retention and repair of heritage structures or features that have suffered damage or loss; • Conservation principles should be integrated where appropriate in all phases of disaster planning, response and recovery.

5. Heritage contributes to DR reduction • Before and during a disaster • As a physical defense against hazards (tangible); • As a catalyzer of disaster resilient communities (intangible); • After a disaster • Providing shelter, goods and services; • As an economic asset for recovery; • Providing psychological support, strengthening identity, social cohesion; • Facilitating decision making/communication; • As an educational tool.

6. Petra Siq Stability projectSustainable Monitoring Techniques for Assessing Instability of Slopes in the Siq of Petra, Jordan (April 2012 – October 2014) Project goals • Identify potential detectable unstable areas in the Siq by means of field engineering geological techniques • Establishment of long-term monitoring methods of the rock-block deformation (from remote to field) • Develop guidelines for sustainable landslide mitigation and management • Develop a GIS common platform for storing, analysis and management of data, as well as a 3D computerized model of the Siq and other selected structures, and an extensive and interactive virtual tour based on panorama photographs and lased scanned monuments • Build capacity of the DoA and PDTRA on the technicality of the project

7. Petra archaeological area Wadi Musa PETRA SIQ STABILITY PROJECT The Siq is a 1.2km deep passage, with a E-W orientation and meandering course. The Siq connects the town area of Wadi Musa with the monumental area of Petra and constitutes the main path for tourists to access the archaeological area.

8. N Sketch of the master joints and regional fault of the Siq area by aerial photo interpretation and field survey

9. Landslide types and slope evolution: recent and historical events Unstable block ~2cm

10. WHICH RISKS? Rock falls/slides - magnitudes and examples Large blocksvolumes (volumes> 15m3) Medium blocksvolumes (volumes 5m3÷15m3) Small blocksvolumes (volumes < 5m3)

11. Integrated Monitoring System with low environmental impact Satellite radar interferometry and permanentscatters (resolution: mm) Crack gauges, inclinometers and meteorological station in Wi-Fi network Refletctorless total station (resolution: mm to ½ cm) Digital photogrammetry (resolution: mm to cm)

12. Points 1/2

13. Siq un-textured Model

14. Petra Risk Mapping projectFebruary 2011 – June 2014Partners: University of Leuven (Belgium) // In cooperation with: PDTRA, DoA // Jordanian experts Anna Paolini – UNESCO Amman Office

15. Petra Risk Mapping project Results achieved • Field mapping of 1993 PAP governmental boundaries. Verification by a technical committee and transmission of Park coordinates to WHC for approval at the 2013 WH Committee. • Delineation of guidelines, scenarios and recommendations of use for a buffer zone of the PAP for the area between the villages of Um Sayhun and Beidha. Possibility of creating a buffer–zoning system and limited boundary adjustments identified as the best scenario. • Delineation of a Risk Management Methodology to identify and assess risks within the PAP and its application to a PAP pilot area. Holistic risk management methodology identified as the most appropriate strategy for mitigation of risks and protection of values of the property. • Publication of “Risk Management at Heritage sites. A Case Study of the Petra Archaeological Park” http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002171/217107m.pdf

16. Assessing the Impact of Risk I Quantitative Approach ABC system I qualitative analysisbased on a scoring system Iquality of resultsdepend on accuracy of numeriacalvalues A: probability of damage B: degree of loss of significance C: the area affected Magnitude of risks. Source: based on ICCROM CCI-ICN, unpublished material forcourse on preventive conservation: ReducingRiskstoCollections, Sibiu, Romania (2007)

17. Risk Evaluation Matrix of prioritybased on level of riskmagnitude and level of uncertainty. Source: based on ICCROM CCI-ICN, unpublished material forcourse on preventive conservation: ReducingRiskstoCollections, Sibiu, Romania (2007)

18. Heritage as a tool for reconciliation

19. Guidance and Tools

20. Guidance • Guidelines for Disaster Preparedness in Museums, ICOM (1993) • Risk Preparedness: a Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage, WHC-ICCROM-ICOMOS (1998) • Building an Emergency Plan, Getty Conservation Institute (1999) • Handbook on the Protection of Cultural Heritage, Council of Europe (undated) • World Bank Good Practice Note on Risk Preparedness (2008) • Handbook for post-disaster housing and community reconstruction, World Bank (2009) • Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage, WHC, ICCROM, ICOMOS, IUCN (2010) • Protecting Cultural Heritage in Times of Conflict, ICCROM (2011)

21. Tools • Risk Preparedness Training Module, UNESCO (2007) • Olympia Protocol for International Cooperation on DRR at World Heritage Properties (2008) • Disaster Risk management for Museums, UNESCO (2009) • Toolkit for damage assessment of cultural properties, ICORP-ICOMOS (2011) (under development) • Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) Manual: Section on Culture, UNESCO (2011) • Training Kit on Disaster Risk Reduction for Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University (under development) • Funding mechanisms within WH and other frameworks

22. Building capacities:Resource Manual on Managing Disaster Risks for WH

23. WH and Climate Change

24. Field Projects: Haiti

25. Awareness, Education and Communication http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/activities/documents/activity-50-12.mov

26. A new webpage with info and resource materials

27. Amman DRR awareness project Introducing concepts on disaster risk management in schools • Results achieved • Two guidebooks produced – endorsed by the Ministry of Education- for students (1-4th grade/ 5-10th grade) on earthquakes, flood preparedness and safe behavior. • 48 teachers trained on disaster risk reduction, use of new guidebook at their schools and on how to set up contingency plans. • Four Public Service Announcements (PSAs) in a cartoon format produced and launched. The PSAs explain in an easy and family friendly way how to be prepared for a natural disaster at home and at schools and what the basic evacuation procedures are. These cartoons were shown on Jordan TV. • Evacuation drills conducted at the selected schools by the Civil Defense team. • Disaster Risk Reduction bags for each of the piloted schools distributed by Jordan Red Crescent.