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Modelling Cartographic Relations for Categorical Maps Moritz Neun and Stefan Steiniger

Modelling Cartographic Relations for Categorical Maps Moritz Neun and Stefan Steiniger University of Zürich, Department of Geography Swiss National Science Foundation Project: DEGEN {neun, sstein}@geo.unizh.ch. Outline. Motivation Introducing Relations

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Modelling Cartographic Relations for Categorical Maps Moritz Neun and Stefan Steiniger

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  1. Modelling Cartographic Relations for Categorical Maps • Moritz Neun and Stefan Steiniger • University of Zürich, Department of Geography • Swiss National Science Foundation Project: DEGEN • {neun, sstein}@geo.unizh.ch XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  2. Outline • Motivation • Introducing Relations • Modelling Horizontal & Vertical Relations • Outlook XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  3. 1. Motivation XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  4. Thematic (Categorical) Maps • Most research in generalization on topographic maps •  • majority of maps are of thematic nature (categorical, GIS, facilities, networks, POI ...) •  • focus on thematic mapswith polygons ina generic approach • Examples: geology, land-use, statistics, administration XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  5. Motivation • Generalization should preserve the typical and emphasise specifics. XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  6. Motivation • Generalization should preserve the typical and emphasise specifics. XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  7. 2. Introducing Relations XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  8. What is considered as a relation? XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  9. What is considered as a relation? XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  10. What is considered as a relation? XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  11. What is considered as a relation? XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  12. What is considered as a relation? XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  13. 3. Horizontal & Vertical Relations XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  14. Horizontal & Vertical Relations • Horizontal relations • of map objects exist within one specific scale or level of detail (LOD) and represent common structural properties. horizontal relations XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  15. compactness, area size, distance Geometry frequency, area statistics Topology Structure Statistics and Density Semantics Inter-thematic structure for aggregation (are blue soil classes of same familly?) => Semantic similarity orientation => meso structure? Relation Types topologic neighbour XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  16. Horizontal Relations XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  17. Topological Properties 2 • Topologic structure: • - Island (in other polygon or background) • - Island cluster • - Landscape (complete tesselation) neigbourhood 3 landscape A 1 2 • Ring model relation island • Topologic neighbourhood island cluster • Nine-Intersection Model (9IM) : e.g. overlap, touch, contain, ... l1 l2 l3 ring modelwith three levels XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  18. Structural Properties visible patterns gestalt theory meso structures A proximity groupings B similarity (size, shape, orientation) C grouping by type D parallelism XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  19. Horizontal & Vertical Relations • Horizontal relations • of map objects exist within one specific scale or level of detail (LOD) and represent common structural properties. horizontal relations XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  20. 1:200k 1:25k Horizontal & Vertical Relations Vertical relations are links between single map objects or groups of map objects between different map scales and LODs. • Horizontal relations • of map objects exist within one specific scale or level of detail (LOD) and represent common structural properties. horizontal relations vertical relations XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  21. relations between propertiesof whole LODs e.g. semantic similarity or type prioritiesfor aggregation XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  22. relations between single map objects or groups • matching and formalisation of thegeometrical, topological and semantical outcomewith abstract generalization operators  abstract procedural knowledge XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  23. Vertical Identity Relations 1:1 x XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  24. Vertical Identity Relations 1:1 x A Coruña XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  25. Vertical Group Relations n:m XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  26. Enrichment of Relations XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  27. Vertical Relation Properties • enrich relations with additional information XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  28. 4. Outlook XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  29. Using Relations • Improve automated generalisation (horizontal relations)• choice of appropriate algorithms• more information about parameters for algorithms• better evaluation of results • Interpolation of intermediate scale levels (Cecconi 2003) e.g. in combination with morphing • Incremental updating of lower detailed LODs (Kilpeläinen and Sarjakoski 1995) • Training and use of learning algorithms (inductive, neuronal) by analyzing relations and properties (Weibel et al. 1995 XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  30. Thanks for your attention! • Any questions, suggestions or comments? • maps: • Flood hazard map: www.nlfb.de, • China –language region map: www.hphein.de/, • snow depth map: http://www.slf.ch/swiss-snow/hstopodc.html, • soil map „Littau“: IKA, ETHZ, Switzerland XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  31. Matching 1:25‘000 1:200‘000 XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  32. Project DEGEN • Purpose: • data enrichment with relations • • modeling of enriched data • • exploitation of enriched data • Focus: • thematic vector maps • Goals/Questions: • types of “vertical” relations between map objects on different LODs? • • modelling and representing in a MRDB? • • matching of map objects in two LODs and acquisition relations and their attributes? • • management and deployment of relations? • • usefulness of vertical relations for the creation of intermediate LODs? • • usefulness of the same relations for incremental generalization? XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

  33. Vertical Relations XXII International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, July 9-16th, 2005

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