Sections of this slideshow are from the textbook: The Human Mosaic A Cultural Approach to Human Geography 12 th Editio

1. Sections of this slideshow are from the textbook:The Human MosaicA Cultural Approach to Human Geography12th Edition Mona Domosh Roderick p. Neumann Patricia L. Price Terry G. jordan-Bychkov C. 2012 W.H. Freeman & CO.

2. Chapter 2 Many worlds: Geographies of cultural difference

3. Types of Culture • Material culture • Physical and tangible objects (clothing, art, tools, buildings) • Nonmaterial culture – “the intangibles” • Beliefs, values, tales, songs, lore, superstitions

4. Types of Culture • Folk culture • Small, cohesive, nearly self-sufficient culture; often isolated • Popular culture • Dynamic culture based in a large, heterogeneous society; features include individualism, innovation, and change

5. Folk Culture • Stable and close knit • Usually a rural community • Tradition controls • Resistance to change • Buildings erected without architect or blueprint using locally available building materials • anonymous origins, diffuses slowly through migration. Develops over time. • Clustered distributions:isolation/lack of interaction breed uniqueness and ties to physical environment.

6. Folk Culture • True folk culture is dead in Anglo America • Why? • Industrialization, Urbanization, Mass communication • It is almost impossible for a substantial community to remain in isolation today

7. Folk vs. Popular Culture • Economy • Barter vs. Cash • Relationships • Personal • Family • What shapes the culture? • Community or Mass Media? • Who maintains order? • Family/Church vs. Authoritative Institutions

8. Types of Culture • Indigenous (Ethnic) Culture • Culture group that constitutes the original inhabitants of a territory, distinct from the dominant national culture, often derived from colonial occupation • Subculture • Group of people with norms, values, and material practices that differentiate them from the dominant culture

9. Folk Culture Survival Regions (Fig 2.1) Fig 2.1

10. Region Material folk culture regions Germanic Pennsylvania folk culture Yankee folk culture African-American folk culture Mormon folk culture

11. Germanic Pennsylvania folk culture

12. Yankee folk culture • Barns usually attached to the house

13. Material Culture Folk Regions Scraped-earth folk graveyard, East Texas (Fig 2.4) Beef wheel, Harney Basin, Central Oregon (Fig 2.5)

14. Quebec French Region • Stone tower windmills • Pentanque

15. Popular Culture and Placelessness Is popular culture “placeless”? (Edward Relph) Death of uniqueness??? Chain stores and restaurants Popular food and drink Global brands (Coca-Cola, KFC)

16. Placelessness or Regional Pop Culture? • Is uniqueness gone in North American culture? • Valid theory, but most geographers disagree. • The Clustering of America (Michael Weiss) • Argues that society is becoming more fragmented

17. Michael Weiss’s Lifestyle Clusters (Fig. 2.8)

18. U.S. Fast Food Sales (Figure 2.9)

19. Indigenous Culture Regions • Concentrations are usually found in areas that: • have few roads • lack modern communication systems

20. Indigenous Culture Regions • Physical features • Mountainous areas • Large arid regions • Large expanses of forest or wetlands

23. Indigenous American Indian Population Distribution in the United States (Fig. 2.11)

24. U.S. Southwest Indigenous Culture Region (Fig 2.12)

25. Vernacular Culture Region • A culture region perceived to exist by its inhabitants, based in the collective spatial perception of the population at large, and bearing a generally accepted name or nickname (such as “Dixie”)

26. Regions (Fig. U.S. Vernacular 2.16)

27. Vernacular “Midwest” (Fig. 2.17)

28. Mobility Diffusion in popular culture Advertising as a vehicle for diffusion Communications barriers (permeable barrier for punk rock) Diffusion of the rodeo

29. Diffusion in Pop Culture • Infrastructure for change is there • Hierarchical diffusion is more common • Socioeconomic classes • No time-distance decay? • Mass media • No isolation or core • Walmart and the exception to the rule

30. Advertising • “…popular culture is equipped with the most potent devices and techniques of diffusion ever devised.” • Domosh p. 44 • Place of product images • “Made in the U.S.A.” • Does it impact the consumer?

31. Communication Barriers • Will radio play new styles of music? • Government censorship • Control/restrict mass media => control/restrict pop culture diffusion

32. Diffusion of the Rodeo • Grew from the ranching folk culture • Rodear – “to round up” • Contests • Traveling shows became agent of diffusion • Spread from the cultural hearth – a focused geographic area where important innovations are born and from which they spread

33. Diffusion of the American Rodeo (Fig. 2.19) Fig 2.19

34. Determining Diffusion • Blowguns: Diffusion or Independent Invention? • Borneo, Native Americans • Need to examine all aspects of the item • Style, decoration, use, methods of construction

35. Blowguns: Diffusion or Independent Invention?

36. Globalization Convergence hypothesis Homogenization of pop culture? Are cultures converging, becoming more alike? Placelessness?

37. All powerful? • Culture can shape globalization • Resistance • Transformation • Hybridization • May revitalize local differences

38. Reactions against convergence • Local consumption cultures • Cadbury’s in China • Consumer nationalism • Local consumers resist imported products, favor local alternatives • May imitate foreign goods

39. PLACE IMAGES • Role of the collective imagination • Hawaii => • Middle East =>

40. Place Images • List different place images that you have based on the perception and beliefs about different parts of the world.

41. Indigenous Cultures • Using globalization to their advantage • Global networks • Push to preserve culture • International Cancun Declaration of Indigenous Peoples (ICDIP)

42. Subject to Debate • Mobile Identities: Questions of Culture and Citizenship

43. Nature-Culture Differing relationships with nature.

44. INDIGENOUS ECOLOGY • Indigenous peoples often practice sustainable agriculture • Indigenous peoples often occupy territories identified as critical to global biodiversity conservation • What is their role?

45. Indigenous Ecology Misconceptions • Common misconceptions? • Any thoughts?????? • What is your perception of the relationship between indigenous cultures and the environment?

46. Global Congruence of Cultural and Biological Diversity (Fig. 2.22)

47. LOCAL KNOWLEDGE • Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK): Highly localized knowledge about environmental conditions and sustainable land-use practices • Highly adapted to local conditions • May be superior to western knowledge of the environment

48. Global Economy • SUBSISTENCE ECONOMIES • Economies in which people seek to consume only what they produce and to produce only for local consumption rather than for exchange or export. • Globalization alters traditional Ind. Economies • Miskito communities and the green turtle

49. Folk ecology • Folk cultures’ close ties to the land and local environment tend to enhance the environmental perception of folk groups • Migrants seek similar lands to the ones they left

50. Folk Ecology (Fig. 2.23)