Heredity & Human Affairs (MSE-2000-020)

Heredity & Human Affairs(MSE-2000-020) Summer 2013 FINAL LAB PRACTICAL EXAM REVIEW

Lab Topics: • Drosophila (sexing, life cycles, mutations, matings, P1 F1 F2) • Human Inherited Traits • Karyotyping • DNA, RNA, Proteins • Human Genome Project • Enzymes: Salivary Amylase • Sea Urchin Reproduction & Development • Cloning / Transformations/ Plasmids • Chi-Square Analysis • DNA Fingerprinting

QUESTION… Name the structures shown here which are only found on the forelimbs of MALE fruit flies Correct Answer: Sex combs

QUESTION… Does this slide show normalblood or sickle-cell anemia? Correct Answer: Sickle-Cell Anemia

QUESTION… How many chromosomes do flies have? Correct Answer: 8

QUESTION… A pictorial representation of chromosomes arranged in pairs and organized by size is termed a ____________________. Bonus: What stage of Mitosis are these chromosomes most visible? Correct Answer: Karyotype Correct Answer: Metaphase

“B” QUESTION… The process in which RNA is synthesized from a template strand of DNA is called _______________ and occurs in the ______________ part of cell. DNA RNA Correct Answer: Transcription, Nucleus

QUESTION… Which test tube is positive for starch? 1 2 3 Correct Answer: #3

QUESTION… The process of inserting a new gene into a DNA molecule is called _____________. Correct Answer: Cloning

QUESTION… What is a VNTR? Correct Answer: Variable Number of Tandem Repeats…

QUESTION… Name this stage of early development: Correct Answer: Fertilization! (note presence of fertilization membrane)

QUESTION… Approximately how many genes are in a single cell? Correct Answer: ~ 30,000

QUESTION… Give the genotype of a PTC taster. Correct Answer: T? (TT & Tt)

A Heavily pigmented tip of abdomen No sex comb QUESTION… Is this fly MALE or FEMALE? Correct Answer: Female

QUESTION… Which antigen is present? Correct Answer: Antigen A

QUESTION… Name the stage of the life cycle shown. Correct Answer: Larva(e)

QUESTION… Name the disorder. Correct Answer: Klinefelter’s Syndrome Bonus: Is this person a male or a female? Correct Answer: Male

QUESTION… The double-stranded DNA helical molecule is held together by weak / strong __________ bonds. Correct Answer: Weak, Hydrogen

QUESTION… The process in which RNA is converted into an amino acid is called _______________ and occurs in the ______________ part of cell. RNA Amino Acid Correct Answer: Translation, Cytoplasm

QUESTION… SUBSTRATE MALTOSE Name the digestive enzyme responsible for catalyzing this reaction. ENZYME Correct Answer: Salivary Amylase

QUESTION… What is the term used for the double- stranded circular DNA shown here? Correct Answer: Plasmid

QUESTION… DNA samples are loaded into a gel matrix and subjected to an electric current in a technique called _______ _______ ___________. Correct Answer: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

QUESTION… Name this stage of the life cycle. Correct Answer: Pupa(e)

QUESTION… Which trait shown here is a dominant trait? Correct Answer: blue eyes Widow’s peak blonde hair attached earlobes

QUESTION… Name the disorder. Correct Answer: Jacob’s Syndrome Correct Answer: Male Bonus: Is this person a male or a female?

QUESTION… Replicate the strand of DNA below. Give the sequence of the complementary strand formed. DNA= A G C T G C Correct Answer: T C G A C G

QUESTION… According to the graph below, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? Correct Answer: 40 oC

QUESTION… You flip a coin 400 times. You get 202 heads, and 198 tails. The calculated chi-square value is 0.04. • What is the probability associated with this chi-square? • Should you accept or reject your hypothesis of a 1:1 ratio? Correct Answer: Probability ~ 85% Accept

QUESTION… Name the enzyme that is responsible for winding & unwinding DNA. Correct Answer: Topoisomerase

QUESTION… Name this stage of early development: Correct Answer: Gastrula(tion)

QUESTION… The DNA runs from one end of the gel to the other end when an electric current is applied. This is due to the fact that DNA possesses a net [POSITIVE / NEGATIVE] charge. Correct Answer: Negative

QUESTION… One gene is approximately how long? Explain your answer. Correct Answer: Average is ~ 100,000 base pairs (3 billion base pairs / 30,000 genes)

QUESTION… Approximately what percentage (%) of the United States population, cannot taste the chemical PTC? Correct Answer: 30%

QUESTION… NAME this mutation. Is it AUTOSOMAL or SEX-LINKED? On what chromosome can this gene be found? Correct Answer: White-eyed Sex-linked #1

Correct Answer: Graph A QUESTION… Which graph represents discontinuous variation?

QUESTION…What is this? Be specific. Correct Answer: Polytene chromosome from Drosophila Correct Answer: 4 pairs Bonus: How many pairs of chromosomes does this organism possess?

QUESTION… What’s wrong? Correct Answer: 3 X’s (polyploidy at X, extra X) Bonus: Is this person a male or a female? Correct Answer: female

QUESTION… Name the bond that joins these molecules together? Correct Answer: Peptide bond (not polypeptide!)

QUESTION… The bond that joins these two molecules together is WEAK / STRONG. Correct Answer: Strong

QUESTION… SUBSTRATE MALTOSE ENZYME What happens to an enzyme’s structure at very high temperatures such as 100oC? Correct Answer: Denatures

QUESTION… (a) What does PCR stand for? (b) What is the purpose of PCR? Correct Answer: Polymerase Chain Reaction; Make many, many copies of DNA

QUESTION… Two genes were inserted into the pGREEN circular DNA structure (shown below). Name them. Correct Answer: AMPr Correct Answer: GFP

QUESTION… Name the specific structure that covers the head of this gamete. Correct Answer: Acrosome

QUESTION… Approximately how many bases are in the human genome? Correct Answer: 3 Billion

QUESTION… Correct Answer: Apterous Autosomal #2 NAME this mutation. Is it AUTOSOMAL or SEX-LINKED? On what chromosome can this gene be found?

QUESTION… Blood type? Correct Answer: O+

QUESTION…What is this? Be specific. Correct Answer: Human Chromosomes, Metaphase Spread Bonus: How many chromosomes does this organism possess? Correct Answer: 46

QUESTION… Name the disorder. Correct Answer: Turner’s Syndrome (X0) Bonus: Is this person a male or a female? Correct Answer: Female

QUESTION… Crossing over events occur during ______________ of Mitosis / Meiosis. Correct Answer: Prophase I, Meiosis

QUESTION… On which chromosome can the gene for salivary amylase be found? Correct Answer: #1

Heredity & Human Affairs (MSE-2000-020)