Antifederalist v. Federalist

1. Antifederalist v. Federalist • Liked Articles • Opposed Strong Central Gov’t. • Strong central gov’t threatened state power • Constitution favored the wealthy • Lacked a Bill of Rights • Argued against 2/3 Ratification plan • Opposed to omitting any reference to God. • Articles weak and ineffective • National gov’t needed to be stronger in order to function • Strong gov’t to control uncooperative states • Men of experience and talent should govern • National gov’t would protect the rights of the people • Const. and state gov’t protected individual freedoms • Separation of church and state

2. Bill of Rights • RAPP • Bear Arms • Troops not arbitrarily quartered • No unreasonable search and seizure • Don’t have to testify against yourself • Fair and speedy criminal trial • Fair and speedy civil trial • No excessive fines or cruel and unusual punishment. • People retain rights not enumerated. • Powers not delegated to the national government are retained by the people and the states.

3. Reading Quiz • Explain some of the contributions Alexander Hamilton made to the founding of the nation (exclude the writing of the Federalist Papers).

4. The Federalist Era 1789 - 1800

5. Learning Targets • I can explain disagreements during the Washington administration that led to the development of the First Party System. • I can explain the precedents established by George Washington as first president of the United States

6. Washington’s First Term Problems facing G. Washington: 1. Economic: Debts Depression 2. Foreign English - Indian alliance French – British rivalry 3. Political division Hamilton vs. Jefferson

7. After reading Hamilton and Jefferson's views, explain which you think has had a greater influence on the shape of the United States today. Include your reasoning.

8. Hamilton and Jefferson Debate • Given the issues facing the country during the Washington administration, support your assigned leader and his views. Rebut the arguments of your opponent. • Support your leader’s view on human nature and explain how it influences his views on the issues of the day. • Support your leader’s view of the role government and explain how it influences the correctness of his policies.

9. Washington’s First Cabinet Henry Knox: Secretary of War John Adams: Vice President Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of the Treasury Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State

10. The Federalists: Pro-industry Pro-England (due to trade needs) High tariffs and excise taxes (i.e. whiskey) Strong centralized government Favored the wealthy The Democratic-Republicans: Pro-agriculture Pro-France Opposed to taxes Strong State governments Favored the middle and lower classes The Political Division

11. Hamilton’s Financial System Overall belief- “Trickle down” economics favor the wealthy and economic growth will “trickle down” to the masses B-Bank of US E-Excise Taxes F-Funding at Par A-Assumption of State Debts T-Tariffs

12. The Bank of the United States(Hamilton’s view) Would provide a safe place to keep tax revenue for the US government Would regulate banks Would provide low-interest loans to industrial classes

13. The Bank of the United States(Jefferson’s View) Tax system hurt the farming classes Money lent to industrialists came from farming classes Unconstitutional Dictatorial

14. Reactions to the Bank (BUS) • Washington sides with Hamilton • Jefferson and Madison form an opposition party (the Democrat-Republicans)

15. The Whiskey Rebellion Revolt caused by farmers/whiskey producers angry about the tax on whiskey Revolt put down by Washington Shows the strength of the new Constitution

16. Categorize the following as views held by either Federalists or Democratic Republicans • Distrust of the “common” people • National debt was a curse to future generations • Biggest appeal to lower and middle classes • Primarily agrarian • Supported a strong central government • Pro-British • Pro-French • Believed in government by upper class • Best gov. is one that governs least • Mostly lived on eastern seaboard • Federal gov. should encourage manufacturing & business

17. The French are Revolting! • Split between the Feds and DRs • Split within the government Hamilton – opposes supporting the revolutionaries Jefferson – wants support for the revolutionaries

18. The Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) • Authored by Hamilton • Issued by Washington • Led to the precedent of non-involvement and neutrality in foreign affairs

19. More Problems with the British • Impressment of American sailors; Seizure of American ships and cargo; act of war by the British

20. Indian Uprisings • Battle of Fallen Timbers (August 20, 1794) • Evidence of British aid and involvement • Violation of Treaty of Paris (1783)

21. Jay’s Treaty • Washington’s dilemma: War or Diplomacy John Jay sent to negotiate new treaty Action very unpopular with many Americans; Hamilton’s “betrayal” leads to very weak treaty;

22. The Retirement of George Washington • Precedents set by GW: • Two term tradition • Use of the Cabinet • Neutrality in foreign matters

23. The Farewell Address • December, 1796 • Authored by Hamilton • Emphasized neutrality in foreign affairs • “they (the US) should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerent Powers.”

24. The Federalists Strong central govt. Pro-Britain Pro-industry The Dem. Republicans Strong State govts. Pro-France Pro-agriculture The Election of 1796

25. The Election of 1796 Issues: Jay’s Treaty Hamilton’s financial system Foreign policy Results: Adams – Pres. Jefferson – VP

26. The XYZ Affair American diplomats extorted for a bribe from unknown French diplomats US rejects demands, leaves France

27. Reaction to the XYZ Affair • Federalists pressure Adams to pursue war Adams resists, but unofficial “war” breaks out in the Caribbean; two year conflict with France begins

28. The Alien Acts Deports nonresidents supportive of the French Aimed at newly arrived immigrants, primarily DR supporters The Sedition Acts Made criticism of the war, the President, or the Congress illegal Aimed at DRs, incl. Jefferson and Madison The Alien and Sedition ActsPassed by Federalist Congress

29. Controversy over the Acts The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Proposed by Jefferson and Madison to oppose A & S Acts Doctrine of nullification: States can counteract or not enforce federal laws

30. America in 1800 • Government divided by Federalists and Democrat-Republicans • “War” with France • VP an outlaw • Divided country