Open Access Networks Interworking’2002, Perth, Australia October 13-16, 2002

1. Presented by: Einar Edvardsen, Telenor R & D, Norway Teleph: +47 915 29029 E-mail: einar-paul.edvardsen@telenor.com Authors: Einar Edvardsen (Telenor) Thor G Eskedahl (Telenor) André Årdal (Telenor) Open Access NetworksInterworking’2002, Perth, AustraliaOctober 13-16, 2002

2. Wireless broadband –requirements to the core network Coverage of various mobile systems GSM (14 kb/s) covers 10 km2 (r < 4 km) UMTS 1(< 384 kb/s) covers 1 km2 (r < 1 km) UMTS 2(< 2 Mb/s) covers 0,1 km2 4G (< 20 Mb/s) covers 0,01 km2 (r < 100 m) 3G/4G mobile systems require huge fixed core network infrastructures Each base station requires a broadband feeder – an optical fibre. Generally – only copper cables exist in access network and a new infrastructure will therefore have to be installed No of base stations >100 000 (Norway) GSM 1 2 4G UMTS

3. The fixed network’s broadband offering is evolving In spite of the resession in telecom, the number of broadband customers is rapidly increasing Millions of ADSL modems are being installed Millions of Cable Modems are being installed After ADSL – then VDSL – then fibres Broadband capacity will be distributed all over the populated areas - wasted capacity most of the time

4. The Open Access Network Access line to broadband network MBS

5. A user scenario Operator 4 VDSL Operator 2 LMDS Operator 3 ADSL Operator 1 Cable modem

6. Traditional way of establishing the feeder network for a 4G mobile broadband House/customer Street Base station New fiber cable

7. The Open Access Network architecture House/customer Street Broadband customer with OAN gateway

8. Bandwidth considerations Bandwidth of wLAN: 25-30 Mb/s (30 m) Bandwidth decreases as traffic and number of users increases Bandwidth decreases as distance to MBS increases Bandwidth of access lines Unsubscribed available bandwidth The difference between the technical realisable bandwidth and the user’s subscription 0,4/5 Mb/s (ADSL) and 2/10 Mb/s (VDSL) ? Unused instantaneous bandwidth The unused part of the subscribed bandwidth A variable bandwidth max. equal to the subscription rate Priority enforced bandwidth Bandwidth, which may be available if the visiting user is allowed to overrule the fixed subscriber. Equal to the overruled service/application

9. Potential coverage Assumed that standard wLAN technology is used Covers potentially 100 % of urban area(Norway: 75% (3 mill) of population, 0,7% of area) Spotwise coverage for the rest, 5% of area Required number of MBSs:Urban area: 25 000 – 1000 000 MBSesSub-urban area: ~ 250 000

10. The concept contains numerous challenges How to match QoS in the legacy network with what can be achieved in a wireless LAN and while traversing from MBS to MBS ? Mobility aspects – nomadic or continuous mobility Security and authentication Roaming agreements between – different network operators – owners of MBSs How to deal with the large variety of terminals ? Interference between MBSs and with other equipment – frequency planning Business models and commercial aspects

11. Ownership to Micro Base Stations Owned by subscribers Roaming agreements, Compensation Maintenance Security/access control/authentication issues Owned by operators The MBS becomes a network component equal to others Compensation Maintenance by the operator Security/access control/authentication Physical access to the equipment Operators may choose different business models 30 operators in Norway – 30 different tariffing models?

12. Business models and commercial aspects – other aspects Fixed network operators New service in the network – new business opportunities Increased traffic Draining P2P/Ad-Hoc traffic into their network Stretching the operator influence into home networking Wireless broadband to stationary and mobile users simultaneously Home networking – a new business opportunity Service providers OAN is a new business area complementary to GSM, GPRS, UMTS Home networks, also a new business area Stationary users Cheap wireless home networking provided by operators/service providers Boarderless Home networks  Universal Mobility

13. Conclusions The Open Access Network architecture is an innovative approach to upgrading the existing public broadband access network to support broadband mobile services. Only the idea is presented How to realise it is a quite another issue to solve !

14. Guaranteed Quality of service in OANs ? QoS protocols of IP is important, but is it enough? RSVP, DiffServ, MPLS, IP o/ATM, …. QoS in wireless LANs HiperLAN/2 has QoS WLAN IEEE 802.11e HomeRF How to guarantee QoS while roaming ?

15. Mobility aspects Traversing local premises – P2P/Ad-Hoc communication Traversing from MBS to MBS (controlled by one operator) Mobility and hand-over protocols Traversing from MBS to MBS (controlled by different operators) Mobility and hand-over protocols Protocols for roaming Protocols for charging and QoS dependent roaming

16. Security and authentication Security and authentication are fundamental for the OAN concept System security schemes should provide firewalls and intrusion detection systems Existing standards for communication security VPN encryption, authentication – suitable for sections between MBSs and on the access line, but do not provide end-to-end security Processing intensive – not usable for seamless mobility and prohibit RT-pplications IPSEC wrapped around Mobile IP to solve the processing problem, but does not perform well enough SSH-TRANS/CONN… and SSL/TLS for secure access Wireless encryption standardised by IEEE802.11 Object Security based upon PKI (protects data objects) How do the protocols perform under mobile conditions ?

17. The variety of terminals Bluetooth MBS WLAN 802.11x WLAN 802.11y HiperLAN P2P/Ad-Hoc example ?

18. Interference Large scale deployment of wireless LANs challenges the technology WLAN (a,b,c,d,e,f,……), HiperLAN/2, Bluetooth, UWB ? Does any of these comply with the requirements ? Overlapping LANs - same or different standard (WLAN, HiperLAN, Bluetooth, UWB,…) Interference with other equipment

19. Thank you for listening