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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Digital Data Introduction to Remote Sensing Instructor: Dr. Cheng-Chien Liu Department of Earth Sciences National Cheng Kung University Last updated: 20 October 2004. Outline. Introduction Acquisition Format Storage Display Terminology. Introduction.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Digital Data Introduction to Remote Sensing Instructor: Dr. Cheng-Chien Liu Department of Earth Sciences National Cheng Kung University Last updated: 20 October 2004

  2. Outline • Introduction • Acquisition • Format • Storage • Display • Terminology

  3. Introduction • Comparison between photographic and electronic imaging (Table 2.3) • Electronic imaging  wider range • Higher exposure latitude • Digital signal  storage, process, transmit, distribution, duplication • Rapid turnaround time • Images are immediately available & computer-ready

  4. Acquisition • Digital sensor • AC  DC • Gain • Compression • Transmission • Storage • Distribution • Duplication

  5. Format • Structure (Fig 4.12 in Campbell 2002) • Raster format • Vector format • Interleave (Fig 4.13 – 4.15 in Campbell 2002) • Band interleaved by pixel (BIP) • Band interleaved by line (BIL) • Band sequential (BSQ)

  6. Format (cont.) • Interchange • bmp • GIF (graphics interchange format) • jpeg • TIFF (tagged image file format) • Remote sensing • HDF • GeoTIFF • jpeg2000

  7. Format (cont.) • HDF (Hierarchical Data Format) • Created by National Centre for Supercomputing Applications • NCSA HDF home page • Mission • Support for the types of data and metadata commonly used by scientists • Efficient storage of and access to large data sets • Platform independence • Extensibility for future enhancements and compatibility with other standard formats • Documents and Tools • Example • ASTER, MODIS, SeaWiFS, …

  8. Format (cont.) • GeoTIFF • Created by over 160 different remote sensing, GIS, cartographic, and surveying related companies and organizations • TIFF based interchange format for georeferenced raster imagery • Web Page • Documents and Tools • Example: • ROCSAT-2

  9. Format (cont.) • JPEG2000 • Created by the JPEG committee • Based on wavelet technology • Compress and transmit without any distortion or loss • lossy image  clear image • Web page

  10. Storage • Unit • Bit, Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte • Media • CDROM/DVDROM • Tape • Disk array • Future media • Super-resolution near field structure • Quantum/biological storage

  11. Display • Size • Radiometric resolution • Rendition of color

  12. Terminology • Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) • See Fig 4.9 in Campbell 2002 • Full width half maximum (FWHM) • e.g. link • Image cube • e.g. link

  13. Homework • Make a table to compare the difference among BMP, GIF, JPEG and TIFF format

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