1 / 47

Objectives

70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 11: Windows XP Professional Application Support. Objectives. Understand the Windows XP Professional system architecture Deploy Win32 applications

dylan
Download Presentation

Objectives

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP ProfessionalSecond Edition, EnhancedChapter 11: Windows XP Professional Application Support

  2. Objectives • Understand the Windows XP Professional system architecture • Deploy Win32 applications • Fine-tune the application environment for DOS and the virtual DOS machine • Fine-tune the application environment for Win16 • Work with Windows application management facilities Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  3. Windows XP Professional System Architecture • Components: • Environment subsystem • Executive Services • Subsystem: • Operating environment • Emulates another operating system • Kernel modecomponents • Permitted to access system objects and resources directly Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  4. Kernel Mode Versus User Mode • Main difference: • Memory usage • User mode: • Each process perceives entire 4 GB of virtual memory as its exclusive property • Upper 2 GB reserved for operating system use • Address space entirely virtual • Processes may share memory areas with other processes Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  5. Kernel Mode Versus User Mode (continued) • User mode: • One user mode process cannot crash another • Processes cannot access hardware or communicate with other processes directly • Kernel mode: • May access all hardware and memory in computer • All operations share the same memory space • One kernel mode function can corrupt another’s data • Can cause the operating system to crash Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  6. Processes and Threads • Process: • Defines operating environment in which application or any major operating system component runs • Includes: • Own private memory space • Set of security descriptors • Priority level for execution • Processor-affinity data • List of threads Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  7. Processes and Threads (continued) • Thread: • Basic executable unit in Windows XP • Every process includes at least one thread • Consists of: • Placeholder information associated with single use of any program that can handle multiple concurrent users or activities • Associated with processes • Do not exist independently Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  8. Processes and Threads (continued) • Applications must be explicitly designed to take advantage of threading • Processes can create other processes • Called child processes • Child processes can inherit some of the characteristics and parameters of their parent process Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  9. Processes and Threads (continued) • Context • Current collection of Registry values and runtime environment variables in which a process or thread runs Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  10. Environment Subsystems • Windows XP Professional • Offers support for various application platforms • Includes limited support and backward compatibility for: • 16-bit Windows applications • DOS applications. • Known as environment subsystems Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  11. Environment Subsystems (continued) • Benefits of Environment subsystems: • Permits users to run more than one type of application concurrently • Makes maintaining the operating system easier • Easy to add to or enhance Windows XP • Each subsystem runs as separate user-mode process • Except for Win32 subsystem Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  12. Environment Subsystems (continued) • Local procedure call (LPC) • Dynamic link library (DLL) • Context switch: • All the information for the calling process must be unloaded and replaced with the information for the called process Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  13. The Win32 Subsystem • Only subsystem required for the functioning of the operating system • Handles all major interface capabilities • Foundation upon which virtual DOS machines (VDMs) rest Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  14. Win32 Applications • Applications run under that operating system Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  15. The Environment Subsystem • Win32 subsystem: • Main environment subsystem under Windows XP • Only one required for operation Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  16. Multithreading • Multithreaded process: • Contains more than one thread of execution • Multithreading advantages: • Provides multiple threads of execution within single memory space • Does not require that messages be passed between processes • Threads don’t require as much context information as processes Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  17. Memory Space • Synchronization objects • Critical section: • Section of code that modifies data structures used by several threads Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  18. Input Message Queues • Organize user input • Takes user messages from general input queue • Distributes them to input message queue Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  19. Base Priorities • Priority class: • Helps determine the priority at which threads in process must run • Scale from 0 (lowest) to 31 (highest) • Each thread may have its own priority • Always relative to priority assigned to underlying process • Known as base priority Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  20. DOS and the Virtual DOS Machine • DOS and Win16 applications • Run within a virtual DOS machine (VDM) • VDM: • Special environment process that simulates DOS environment • DOS operating environment • Supports straightforward DOS emulation • Win16 operating environment • Supports operation of Win16 applications Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  21. DOS and the Virtual DOS Machine • Occurs within a Win32 process named ntvdm.exe Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  22. VDM Components • Ntio.sys • Ntdos.sys • Ntvdm.exe • Ntvdm.dll • Redir.exe Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  23. Virtual Device Drivers • Underlies DOS applications • Communicate with Windows XP 32-bit drivers • Windows XP supplies VDDs for: • Mouse • Keyboard • Printers • Communication ports • File system Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  24. AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS • AUTOEXEC.NT • Replaces AUTOEXEC.BAT • CONFIG.NT • Replaces CONFIG.SYS Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  25. AUTOEXEC.NT Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  26. CONFIG.NT Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  27. Custom DOS Environments • Use Properties dialog box to customize • Tabs: • General • Program • Font • Memory • Screen • Misc • Compatibility • Security • Summary Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  28. Custom DOS Environments (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  29. Win16 Concepts and Applications • Run in a VDM • All Win16 applications run in the same VDM by default • Can run in separate VDMs • Win16-on-Win32 (WOW)VDM: • Runs as a multithreaded application • Each Win16 application occupies a single thread Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  30. Win16 Concepts and Applications (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  31. Win16-on-Win32 Components • Wowexec.exe • Wow32.dll • Mmtask.tsk • Ntvdm.exe • ntvdm.dll • ntio.sys Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  32. Win16-on-Win32 Components (continued) • redir.exe • Vdmredir.dll • Krnl386.exe • Gdi.exe • User.exe • Calls made to 16-bit drivers • Transferred (“thunked”) to appropriate 32-bit driver without the application having to call driver directly Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  33. Win16-on-Win32 Components (continued) • XP sustains WOW environment until • System is restarted • Manually terminate the Wowexec.exe task Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  34. Memory Space • Multiple threads running in single process can affect the performance of each application • Can make tracking applications more difficult • If one of application goes astray and causes the VDM to freeze or crash, all applications in that VDM will be affected Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  35. Separate and Shared Memory • Separate VDMs advantages: • Increase reliability of applications as a whole • One errant application won’t take down all the other Win16 applications if it crashes • Preemptive multitasking is possible Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  36. Separate and Shared Memory (continued) • Disadvantages: • Requires 2 MB of space in the paging file and 1 MB of additional working set size • Increased time to switch from one application to another • To choose: • Try both ways and compare performance Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  37. Message Queues • Win16 applications running in a single process share message queue • If one application becomes unable to accept input • Blocks all other Win16 applications in VDM from accepting further input Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  38. Threads • Win16 threads that run in a VDM do not multitask like threads running in the Win32 subsystem • Cooperatively multitasked • Any one thread can hog CPU Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  39. Using Only Well-behaved DOS and Win16 Applications • “Ill behaved” • Access system hardware directly • Bypass any access APIs or drivers • Do not run in a VDM • “Well behaved” • Uses standard DOS or Windows 3.x APIs Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  40. Other Windows Application Management Facilities • Additional methods for managing or accessing applications • Program Compatibility Wizard • Publish applications using Group Policy Objects • Resolve problems related to programs that use different versions of DLLs with same name Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  41. Program Compatibility Wizard • Support the installation of older Windows applications Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  42. Program Compatibility Wizard (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  43. Assigning and Publishing Applications on Windows XP Professional • Use group policies • Assign or publish programs to users or computers • In: • Domain • Site • Organizational unit Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  44. Assigning and Publishing Applications on Windows XP Professional (continued) • Assign Windows Installer package to some group or user • Windows Installer package: • Complete set of software installation and configuration instructions • .msi file • Use Active Directory Users and Computers MMC snap-in Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  45. Resolving DLL Conflicts in Windows XP • Windows Side by Side (WinSxS) isolation support • New feature • Checks DLLs and other common code components before installing them on computer • Finds potential conflicts • Automatically makes Registry modifications necessary to point to alternate versions of DLLs Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  46. Summary • Main parts: • Environment subsystems • Executive Services • User applications • Win32 subsystem • Crucial to the functioning of Windows XP • VDM • Support DOS and Win16 programs Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  47. Summary (continued) • Program Compatibility Wizard • Group Policy Objects to assign and publish Windows applications • Recognize and resolve potential conflicts with DLLs Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

More Related