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Reasons for English Settlement

Keep up with the Spanish Empire Expanding Population Younger sons needing a livelihood. Reasons for English Settlement. Types of Charters. Corporate Colonies: Jamestown est. by VA Company Royal Colonies: VA after 1624, under direct authority of King

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Reasons for English Settlement

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  1. Keep up with the Spanish Empire Expanding Population Younger sons needing a livelihood Reasons for English Settlement

  2. Types of Charters • Corporate Colonies: Jamestown est. by VA Company • Royal Colonies: VA after 1624, under direct authority of King • Propriety Colonies: MD and PA, authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by King

  3. The Settlement of Virginia Credit for many slides to Ms. Susan M. Pojer

  4. Virginia

  5. 1585 – Sir Walter Raleigh’s attempt failed 1587 –John White attempted, sailed back to England, later returned to discover colonists had vanished Only one word written on trees: CROATOAN Colonists may have: starved to death joined with or were attacked by local natives (the Croatoans???) Failure of Roanoke

  6. The Charter of the VA Company • Guaranteed to colonists the same rights as Englishmen • This provision was incorporated into future colonists’ documents. • Colonists felt that, even in the Americas, they had the rights of Englishmen!

  7. England Plants the Jamestown “Seedling” • Late 1606  VA Co. sends out 3 ships • Attacked by natives at first stop at Chesapeake mouth • May 24, 1607  about 100 colonists [all men] land at Jamestown, along banks of James River • Easily defended, but swarming with disease-causing mosquitoes.

  8. Jamestown Settlement, 1609

  9. Chesapeake Bay Geographic/environmental problems??

  10. Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map

  11. Jamestown Fort & Settlement(Computer Generated)

  12. Jamestown Housing

  13. Jamestown Settlement

  14. Jamestown Chapel, 1611

  15. The Jamestown Nightmare • 1606-1607  40 people died on the voyage • 1609  another ship from England lost leaders/supplies in shipwreck off Bermuda. • Settlers died by the dozens! • “Gentlemen” colonists would not work themselves. • Game in forests & fish in river uncaught. • Settlers wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming.

  16. Captain John Smith:The Right Man for the Job?? There was no talk…but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold… So he said “He who shall not work, shall not eat.”

  17. Pocahontas Pocahontas “saves” Captain John Smith A 1616 engraving

  18. High Mortality Rates • The “Starving Time”: • 1607: 104 colonists • By spring, 1608: 38 survived • 1609: 300 more immigrants • By spring, 1610: 60 survived • 1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants • 1624 population: 1,200 • Adult life expectancy: 40 years • Death of children before age 5: 80%

  19. Chief Powhatan • Powhatan Confederacy • Powhatan dominated a few dozen small tribes in area • Powhatan probably sawthe English as allies in his struggles to control other Indian tribes in the region.

  20. Powhatan Confederacy

  21. PowhatanIndian Village

  22. Indian Foods

  23. Culture Clash in the Chesapeake • Relations between Indians & settlers grew worse. • 1) different cultures & languages • 2) English raids of Indian food supplies • 1610-1614  First Anglo-Powhatan War • 1614-1622 peace time • 1622-1644  periodic attacks between Indians and settlers, killed John Rolfe, colonists continue to raid Natives

  24. Smith’s Portrayal of Native Americans

  25. Powhatan Uprisingof 1622

  26. Culture Clash in the Chesapeake • 1644-1646  Second Anglo-Powhatan War • Last effort of natives to defeat English, but unsuccessful • Peace Treaty of 1646 • Removed the Powhatans from their original land. • Formally separated Indian and English settlement areas!

  27. English Migration: 1610-1660

  28. River Settlement Pattern 1620-1660

  29. John Rolfe What finally made the colony prosperous??

  30. Tobacco Plant Virginia’s gold and silver. -- John Rolfe, 1612

  31. Virginia: “Child of Tobacco” • Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s economy: • Vital role in putting VA on a firm economic footing. • Ruinous to soil when continuously planted. • Chained VA’s economy to a single crop. • Tobacco promoted the use of the plantation system. • Need for cheap, abundant labor.

  32. Established in 1619 First of Many Miniature Parliaments to be established in the New Colonies Raised Taxes and Made Laws Beginning of representative Self-Government James I distrusted the House, hated Tobacco, and in 1624 revoked the VA Co. Charter, made VA a royal colony “under his control.” Virginia House of Burgesses

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