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Explore the R&D budgeting process in Korea, including evaluation, strategic objectives, and budget allocation. Analyze national R&D programs, budget review, and coordination for effective implementation.
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An Overview of R&D Budgeting in Korea Symposium on International Comparison of the Budget Cycle in Research Development and Innovation Policies Madrid, 3-4 July 2008 Dong Hoon Oh dong-hoon.oh@oecd.org
Science and Innovation Profile for Korea (2006) 3.23 16.83 2.49 0.22 37.80 8.65 58.40 0.30 287.28 4.60 25.57 7.23 9.07 Source: OECD, Science and Technology Outlook 2008 (to be published)
Ex-post • Impact assessment • Various perspectives • Legitimisation of taxpayer’s money • Monitoring • During life span • Good programme management • Active or passive • Responsibility • Evaluation & Selection • Which criteria? • “Right” evaluation in order to fund • the “right” programmes & projects • Ex-ante • Strategic objectives • Framework of implementation • Potential fulfilment of the objectives Feedback Policy rationale and objectives A General Policy Cycle Foresight TRM TA Bargaining Process
“Plan-Do-See” of S&T S&T Level & Trend Analysis Technology Assessment National Standard S&T Classification S&T Indicators & Statistical Analysis S&T Foresight & Roadmap R&D Investment & Program Analysis National R&D Priority Setting National R&D Master Plan(5 years) National R&D Budget Allocation Ministry Action Plan (yearly basis) R&D Program Implementation Program Performance Evaluation Program Monitoring (yearly basis)
Three Pillars for Overall Coordination Survey & Analysis Korea R&D Integrated Management System (Database) Program Evaluation Budget Review & Allocation National R&D Strategy
R&D Budgeting Process since 2004 Evaluation Budget Appropriation R&D Budget Allocation Draft on Major Activities for the Coming Year (Ministries → MPB, End of Feb.) A Master Plan for Evaluation of National R&D Programs (NSTC → Ministries, Previous Nov.) R&D Budget Ceiling (NSTC, March∼April) Budget Guidance & Ceiling (MPB → Ministries, End of April) Analysis & Evaluation of National R&D Programs (NSTC Secretariat, Feb∼May) Budget Request (Ministries → MPB, End of May) Analysis Results Evaluation Results Budget Review & Allocation (NSTC, June∼Early July) Confirmation of Budget Request (MPB, June∼July) Approval of Results of R&D Budget Review & Allocation (NSTC, July) Budget Appropriation (MPB, August∼September) Results of R&D Budget Review & Allocation
Nature of the Korean Overall Coordination • Overall coordination (evaluation and budgeting) of R&D in Korea could be identified as follows: • Viewpoint: national perspective • Actors: central government (supported by agencies) • Level: program level • Type: functional + thematic • Frequency: short-term (annual) • Nature of process: top-down/expert-based/formalised • Result: evaluation report, budget plans and allocations
Issues • The changing context • Emphasis on performance and accountability • Progress of international benchmarking • Development of methodologies • Requirements for greater transparency • Development of communication technology • How to link/combine macro level priorities and program level funding in the budget process? • How to harmonise socioeconomic and technological priorities? • How to manage effectively the conflicts of interest in budget process? • What opportunities do the new technologies/methodologies offer for improving budget process? • Can we identify a set of key principles for a high-quality budgeting? If possible, What are they?
