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Shooting Video / Cameras

Shooting Video / Cameras. Camera, Lens, Mount Shot Composition Transitions & Movements. Video Process. The screen: Pixels (megapixels) Resolution Still images Standard film: 24 fps Persistence of vision NTSC 525 scan lines of dots (480 used) 4:3 aspect ratio

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Shooting Video / Cameras

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  1. Shooting Video / Cameras Camera, Lens, Mount Shot Composition Transitions & Movements

  2. Video Process • The screen: Pixels (megapixels) • Resolution • Still images • Standard film: 24 fps • Persistence of vision • NTSC • 525 scan lines of dots (480 used) • 4:3 aspect ratio • 30 fps interlaced -- 60 fields

  3. Video Process • …..cont…. • HDTV / DTV • 480 720 1080 scan lines • Interlaced or progressive scan • 24, 30, or 60 frame rate • 480p / 1080i • DV: 720 x 480 aspect ratio / frame size • 3D • 4K / UHD

  4. Principles of video color • Light hits CCD (1 or 3 CCDs) (or CMOS) • Beam splitter splits into the 3 primary colors (electrical signals) • Other end--CRT, LCD, LED, DLP • Transducer / encoding - decoding • 3 attributes of video color • Hue, saturation, luminance • Chrominance : hue & saturation -->

  5. Color (cont.) • HUE... • Primary colors: RGB • Complementary colors • Cyan, magenta, yellow • White: all colors; Black: absence

  6. Color continued... • Saturation • Intensity or vividness of color • Hue & Saturation=chrominance • Luminance = brightness • Luma & chroma

  7. Three ‘parts’ of the camera • The camera body • The lens • The mount

  8. Camera Lenses • Focal length…how wide or narrow /‘long lens’ • Fixed focal length / prime lens • More common in film • Zoom Lens • Distance from front to back glass • Optical zoom vs. digital ‘zoom’ • More common in video • Focus: soft, sharp • Depth of field / rack focus / selective • Depth of field is affected by focal length, aperture, and the distance of objects from the camera.

  9. Camera Lenses • Front focus to focus a zoom lens • Must ‘critical focus’ each time • Back focus : use macro flange at back of lens • F-stop aperture (iris opening) / diaphram • F-22, 16, 11, 8, 5.6, 4 (double/half) • Don’t use to compensate for bad lighting • f-stops / t-stops / zoom vs. prime lens • Manual vs. autofocus • Sharp focus, selective focus, follow focus, rack focus, soft focus, swimming focus • ** Photography is ** ---> the art of capturing and controlling light. Video, film, still images

  10. On the Camera • Studio cameras vs. field • CCU for settings • Tally lights • Lighting & filters • White balance • AGC / gain / decibels (video level)

  11. Camera Mounts & movements • Tripod and pedestal • Friction head / Fluid Head • Crane vs. jib • Dolly / track • SteadiCam vs. Handheld • Image stabilization • Robotics, follow me, Segue, ‘copter, cable mount, etc. (see online reading) • Camera movements • Pan, tilt, truck, dolly, arc, zoom, boom, crane, steady-cam, tracking, DVE

  12. Cameras -- composing shots • Field of view -- rules of thirds • LS/WS, est. shot, MS, CU, 2-shot, ots or o/s, head room, nose room, look space, cut-off lines, lead room, eye line • Sequencing shots / sequence • Depth composition (framing, focus) • Angle : eye level /high / low / canted • Symmetrical shots • Point of view: objective, subjective, presentational

  13. Illusion of Movement • Composing individual ‘shots’ • Editing shots together • Persistence of vision • 24 vs. 30 fps (transfers) • ‘shutter speed’ • Demonstrated in the online reading

  14. Transitions • What is a shot? • Fade / cut / Diss / Wipe / DVE • ‘Changing shots’ in a one-shot • Multi cam shoots vs. film style • Real time to Filmic time • Invisible / seamless edits • Sequences • Master Shot / cover shot • Crane, tracking, feather, 360 shot, follow, swish pan, snap zoom • Jump cuts / pop cuts

  15. The Static Frame • Visual storytelling involves interplay of blocking, lighting, costumes, and setting -- as captured by the camera • Edge of the frame / off-screen space

  16. Technical vs. aesthetics • What kind of camera? What kind of lighting? What kind of lens? • Consumer vs. Prosumer vs. professional cameras • Film vs. video cameras • How the story is told? • ‘Language’ of visual storytelling -- Hollywood style, home movies style, new media style, NPPA / news style ###

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