In the Olden Days - the 1980s!

2. In the Olden Days - the 1980s! • Nuclear war-fighting was considered a real, practical and necessary option. • We maxed out at 69,000 nuclear warheads in the world. • U.S. President Ronald Reagan threatened “theatre nuclear warfare” in Europe - thus triggering the growth of the European peace movement!

4. The Berlin Wall came down in 1989 and the Cold War was supposed to end, bringing peace. Has there been progress?Yes, we’re down to 17,000 nuclear warheads.

5. 5 facts on these 17,000 nuclear weapons 1. About 2,000 warheads are “on alert” - so they can be launched in roughly 15 minutes.

6. 2. The explosion of just over 100 warheads could cause a catastrophic change in the global climate. See nucleardarkness.org

7. 3. There have been many accidents with these warheads, some due to human error and some due to computer problems. There is very roughly one serious accident per year.

8. 4. Some 70,000 weapons have been produced, two of these have been used in World War II, and over 2,000 of them have been tested. The results: production, use and testing have caused the death or illness of hundreds of thousands of people.

9. 5. Globally, annual expenditure on nuclear weapons is estimated at US$105 billion – or $12 million an hour. The World Bank advised that an annual investment of roughly half the amount currently spent on nuclear weapons, would be enough to meet the Millennium Development Goals for poverty alleviation by the target date of 2015. Globally, annual expenditure on nuclear weapons is estimated at US$105 billion – or $12 million an hour. The World Bank forecast in 2002 that an annual investment of just US$40–60 billion, or roughly half the amount currently spent on nuclear weapons, would be enough to meet the internationally agreed Millennium Development Goals on poverty alleviation by the target date of 2015.

10. General Lee Butler, Former Commander, U.S. Strategic Air Command: “…we escaped the Cold War without a nuclear holocaust by some combination of skill, luck and divine intervention, and I suspect the latter in greatest proportion.”

11. The nuclear bomb is the most anti-democratic, anti-human, outright evil thing that man has ever made... This world of ours is four thousand, six hundred million years old. It could end in an afternoon. Arundhati Roy Walter Herdeg

12. What is required for nuclear disarmament?

13. Ensure Transparency

14. A Promise to Negotiate Under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons all states parties undertook: “to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament,...

15. The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans all testing of nuclear weapons. But it has not been ratified by several key states: U.S., China, Israel, Pakistan, India and North Korea. Thankfully, a moratorium is in place and it has ended most nuclear testing.

16. Prohibit Stockpiling States have called for years for a Fissile Material Treaty or Fissile Material Control (Cut-off?) Treaty (FMCT). The UN is now creating a Group of Governmental Experts to meet in 2014.

17. ines Development is not prohibited as yet and in fact modernization is occurring.

18. Production is not prohibited as yet in Nuclear Weapons States.

19. The prohibition on transfers of nuclear weapons in the Non-Proliferation Treaty is not being respected by NATO states and possibly others.

20. Prohibit Threat and Use We are calling on that specific ban on nuclear weapons through a Nuclear Weapons Convention. The use of nuclear weapons could also be prohibited through: • an amendment to the Rome Treaty that established the International Criminal Court, and/or • national legislation.

21. Nuclear weapons are being eliminated slowly, but the process is not as yet subject to international verification.

22. Ensure Transparency There is little transparency about the stockpiles of weapons and fissile materials held by nuclear-armed states.

23. The UN General Assembly tasks the First Committee, who through resolutions passed each fall, task the Conference on Disarmament or (“CD”). The CD has 65 member states and meets 24 weeks of the year (split into 3 sessions).

24. a) by consensus of a rather rigid type - and they have not been able to agree on a programme of work since 1996; and b) under a chairperson who changes monthly according to the alphabet. The CD has engaged in no negotiations on any disarmament treaty since 1996. What is wrong with the CD? It works:

25. Given this failure to negotiate, what are countries of good will doing now?

26. 1. Governments have been building higher levels of consensus in annual UN General Assembly resolutions. So now, three-quarters of all states support the call for a treaty to outlaw and eliminate all nuclear weapons.

27. 2. Governments & civil society obtained an Advisory Opinion from the International Court of Justice The July 8, 1996 Opinion concluded that: “...the threat or use of nuclear weapons would generally be contrary to the rules of international law applicable in armed conflict, and in particular the principles and rules of humanitarian law.” The Court concluded unanimously that: “There exists an obligation to pursue in good faith and bring to aconclusion negotiations leading to nuclear disarmament in all itsaspects under strict and effective international control.”

28. 3. Some 114 states have entered into agreements to establish 6 Nuclear Weapons-Free Zones

29. Nuclear Weapons-Free Zones

30. 4. The G8 created the Global Partnership Program • Started at the G8 meeting in Kananaskis and has grown to 23 member countries. • Over US $21 billion has been spent over 10 years on: • destroying Russia’s chemical weapons stockpile • dismantling Russian nuclear submarines • securing nuclear and radiological materials • employing former weapons scientists

31. 5. States have developed coalitions to strategize on next resolutions and steps. • The New Agenda Coalition • Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, and Sweden • The Seven Nation Initiative • Australia, Chile, Indonesia, Norway, Romania, South Africa and the United Kingdom • The Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Initiative (NPDI) • Australia, Canada, Chile, Germany, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Nigeria and the Philippines

32. 6. A network was created: Parliamentarians for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament (PNND) PNND enables discussion of nuclear disarmament issues among its over 700 members from 75 countries. 51 Canadian parliamentarians have joined.

33. 7. The Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) • When the Conference on Disarmament failed to agree on a working programme, a UN resolution was passed calling for several sessions in 2013 to enable open discussions among ambassadors and civil society on ways to overcome challenges to the start of negotiations. • The P5 boycotted these meetings.

34. 8. Humanitarian Impacts of Nuclear Weapons ConferenceOslo, March 2013 The conclusions: • There is no likelihood of emergency relief should a nuclear detonation occur. • The effects of a nuclear weapon detonation will not be constrained by national borders, and will affect states and people in significant ways, regionally as well as globally. The P5 boycotted the meeting.

35. 9. U.N. High Level Meeting - 26 Sept. 2013 “the first-ever high level meeting of the General Assembly on nuclear disarmament” Serious concern about the nuclear weapons threat was expressed by governments and civil society at the UN General Assembly gathering. But the P5 scoffed at the meeting, saying work should be done in other fora.

36. Momentum built by Non-Governmental Organizations Created international networks such as: • Abolition 2000, over 2000 anti-nuclear groups • International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War • International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) • International Association of Lawyers against Nuclear Arms (IALANA) • Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs • Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) • International Network for Engineers and Scientists for Global Responsibility (INES)

37. Mayors speak out! 5,759 Mayors in 158 countries now have joined Mayors for Peace by endorsing the call for nuclear weapons-free world by 2020. In Canada, 102 Mayors have joined, including the Office of Mayor of Calgary.

38. The Middle Powers Initiative • The brainchild of the Hon. Doug Roche • Launched by Canadian Network to Abolish Nuclear Weapons in 1998. • Composed of 8 respected international NGOs who organize meetings of middle power governments to strategize on steps toward nuclear disarmament.

39. The Middle Powers Initiative delegation to Canada (incl. Michael Douglas)

40. INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT (ICRC) November 2011 This Movement—which has close to 100 million members and volunteers worldwide—adopted an historic resolution highlighting the humanitarian dangers of nuclear weapons and calling on governments “to pursue in good faith and conclude with urgency and determination negotiations to prohibit the use of and completely eliminate nuclear weapons through a legally binding international agreement”.

41. Global Zero was created in Paris, 2008 by 100 international leaders & elite. They are calling for zero nuclear weapons.

42. Public Opinion 93% of Canadians believe our government should participate in negotiations for nuclear abolition. (Feb. 1998) A WorldPublicOpinion.org poll of 21 nations from around the world found that on average across all countries, 76 percent favor such an agreement, with 50 percent favoring it strongly.

43. Moral Opinion Moral Opinion is reflected, among other ways, through: • repeated calls for disarmament from “Hibakusha” - survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki • repeated calls from the World Council of Churches and Religions for Peace. • International Trade Union Confederation

44. What is happening in Canada? In 2010, there was unanimous support in the Senate and the House of Commons for a motion that: “...encourage[s] the Government of Canada to engage in negotiations for a nuclear weapons convention as proposed by the United Nations Secretary-General;... and... and encourage[s] the Government of Canada to deploy a major world-wide Canadian diplomatic initiative in support of preventing nuclear proliferation and increasing the rate of nuclear disarmament;” This work is simply not being done.

45. Canadians for a Nuclear Weapons Convention are a new group of over 700 Order of Canada members calling for a Nuclear Weapons Convention. They inspired the unanimous motion.

46. The Canadian Network to Abolish Nuclear Weapons • (CNANW) • MEMBER GROUPS • Les Artistes pour la paix • Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility • Canadian Federation of University Women • Canadian Peace Alliance/ L’Alliance canadienne pour la paix • Canadian Voice of Women for Peace • Canadian Pugwash Group • Canadian Student / Youth Pugwash • Centre de Ressources sur la Non-Violence • Physicians for Global Survival • Project Ploughshares • Religions for Peace • Science for Peace • United Nations Association in Canada/Association canadienne pour les Nations Unies • Veterans Against Nuclear Arms • Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (Canadian Section) • World Federalist Movement - Canada

47. CNANW Advisers Former Ambassadors for Disarmament: The Honourable Douglas Roche, O.C. Ms. Peggy Mason Mr. Paul Meyer and Co-Founder of Project Ploughshares, Mr. Ernie Regehr O.C.

48. The Canadian Network to Abolish Nuclear Weapons is calling on the Government of Canada to: • implement the unanimous Parliamentary motion and • host a meeting of the Middle Powers Initiative in Canada. Website: www.abolishnuclearweapons.ca

49. What will YOU do to build a nuclear weapons-free world?