Catalyst: (Top of page 72) What are the four main components in your blood?

1. Catalyst: (Top of page 72) What are the four main components in your blood? Agenda Catalyst Quiz and MELCon return Blood Handout Objective • Identify the different components of blood

2. Unit 2 - Homeostasis

3. Homeostasis • Homeo- means similar • Stasis- means balance • Homeostasis – Is the internal balance maintained by an organism

4. Homeostasis • Each cell is responsible for maintaining internal balance. • What types of things does your body need to keep in balance? • Hydration (water), Blood Sugar, salts, temperature, pH…..to name just a few

5. Homeostasis • The nutrients you absorb through your food have to get distributed throughout your body • How can the cells on the top of my head maintain the same homeostasis as the cells on the bottom of my feet? • Your body is a connected system with BLOOD being at the center of it all

8. Blood- how much • How much blood do you have in your body? • It depends on your size • A 150lb man has ~8pints (5.2L) • A 110lb woman has ~5 pints (3.3L) • Average woman has 6-7 pints (4-4.5L) • Average man has over 7 pints ( 4.5-5.5L)

9. Catalyst: Where is blood made in your body? Agenda Catalyst Components of blood Types of blood vessels Capillaries Objective • Identify the four components of blood and their functions • Identify the three types of blood vessels and how they distribute blood throughout your body

10. Blood- How is it made? • Blood is made in your bones… • What? I thought bones were solid? How can they make a liquid? • In the Bone Marrow

11. Bone Marrow Transplants • People with blood disorders and cancers of the blood like leukemia will often need bone marrow transplants.

12. Blood- What’s in it? • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets • Plasma

14. Catalyst: If blood is made in your bone marrow what does your heart do? Reminders: • Lab reports are due to me by 3:45pm or they are LATE. Please email me barichter1@cps.edu your report if you are unable to print it (emergencies ONLY). • Please start bringing your book to class every day.

15. Agenda Catalyst & Reminders Blood Vessels Heart Making Exchanges in the body Objectives: • Identify the three types of blood vessels • Identify the path blood takes throughout the human body

16. Blood Videos • http://www.kidport.com/reflib/science/humanbody/cardiovascular/Video/CapillaryVideo.htm

17. Types of blood vessels • ______________- large blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood from the heart & lungs throughout the body • ______________- small blood vessels that allow for the diffusion of molecules from the blood into cells. (molecules like Oxygen, salts, sugars and small proteins) • ______________- larger blood vessels that carry blood and cell waste products back to the heart and lungs.

18. How blood vessels connect

19. Capillaries • Why would blood slow down when it enters a capillary? (find 2 reasons) • Red blood cells go through capillaries SINGLE FILE • Capillaries are ONE CELL LAYER THICK • Capillaries facilitate the exchange of wastes, nutrients, gases and hormones between the blood and body cells. • Change in pressure between the capillary and the tissue allow for diffusion • Capillaries are so small and so abundant that cells are never more than 1/4000 of an inch from a capillary. (less than the thickness of your finger nail.

20. The Heart • If blood is made in bone marrow then what does your heart do? • About the size of your fist • Is a large muscle that pumps the blood around your body. • Beats ~100,000/day ~ 35,000,000/year • Has four chambers • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RzscxSavKp8 • When the heart contracts it creates pressure that moves your blood

21. Catalyst: What types of molecules get exchanged between the blood and your lungs? Agenda Homework review Types of exchanges The Breath of Life Objectives: SWBAT • Identify the three main types of blood vessels • Describe the types of molecular exchanges that happen between the blood and body tissues.

22. Pop Quiz (you can use your notes)  • Use the following words to fill in the sentences : diffusion, Carbon dioxide, oxygen, veins, capillaries, arteries, wastes. • __________- rich blood comes from the lungs and goes into the left side of the heart. • Blood gets carried away from your heart by ______________. (___________= away) • From there blood goes into the smallest blood vessels called_______________ . • __________________of oxygen and other nutrients takes place in the capillaries. • After that the cells diffuse _____________like _________________ and it gets picked up by the red blood cell. • Blood travels back toward the heart in __________________. The whole process repeats Oxygen Arteries Arteries Capillaries Diffusion Carbon dioxide Wastes Veins

23. Tracing the Blood Pg. 226 • The blood starts in the capillaries of the toe. • The red blood cell moves into a vein up the left leg, that brings it back to the heart and lungs. • Enters the right side of the heart gets pumped into the lungs • The blood enters the left side of the heart and gets pumped out into an artery. • It travels in an artery down the right leg. • The artery branches into smaller capillaries that bring the red blood cell to the other toe.

24. Catalyst: (NB pg. 74 What types of exchange are made between the blood and the kidneys? Agenda Catalyst Making exchanges Gas exchange system Objectives: SWBAT • Explain how diffusion is used to exchange oxygen and CO 2 in the gas exchange system.

25. Making Exchanges Pg. 224-226 & pg 166 Kidneys filter out excess water, salts and Nitrogen based wastes (urea) from blood Liver filters out toxins from the blood like alcohol and other harmful chemicals Intestine tissues release, sugar, salts, fats and proteins into the blood Red blood cells collect oxygen in lungs and release CO2 that was collected from cells throughout the body Red Blood Cells diffuse oxygen into tissues Toe cells diffuse CO2 into red blood cell

26. Gas Exchange System (Respiratory System) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A

27. Your lungs

28. Alveoli

29. Asthma

30. Smoking causes PERMINENT damage to Alveoli

32. Breath of life • Pg. 236-239 • Please READ silently • Take NOTES (notebook pg. 75) • ANSWER QUESTIONS 1- 8 (notebook pg. 78)

33. Catalyst: What is the role of the alveoli in gas exchange? • Please draw the following image into your notes:

34. Agenda Catalyst Homework review Stepping up the Pace lab HW: Answer questions 8-12 from lab sheet Objectives SWBAT • Follow simple experimental procedures • Collect and record data to examine how the cardiovascular system responds to environmental changes

35. The Breath of Life Homework Review • The gas exchange system; nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, lungs and diaphram. • Nosetracheavocalcordsbronchialtubeslungs alveoli • alveoli • Increases the amount of oxygen that can move into the body’s internal environment and the carbon dioxide that can move out. • The oxygen diffuses across the alveolar membranes • Hemoglobin is a special protein that is found on a red blood cell. It allows Oxygen (O2) from the atmosphere to bond to the red blood cell. • When you exercise your cells release more carbon dioxide. Blood becomes acidic in the presence of carbon dioxide. Nerves react to the increased acidity and send a message to the respiratory centers to increase your breathing rate.

36. Catalyst: What is the control group for the ‘stepping up the pace’ experiment? Agenda Catalyst HW Review Lab Objectives • Follow simple experimental procedures • Collect and record data to examine how the cardiovascular system responds to environmental changes

37. Stepping up the Pace Lab Questions 8-12 Homework Review 8. What is the most appropriate independent variable for this experiment? (what are we changing from tril to trial?) D-Intensity of exercise 9. What is the most appropriate dependent variable for this experiment? (what are we measuring?) A- Heart rate (pulse) 10. What would be the most appropriate hypothesis for this experiment? (If…independent variable…then…dependent variable) D- If a person exercises with increasing intensity, then their heart rate will increase and will take longer to return to normal.

38. Stepping up the Pace Lab Questions 8-12 Homework Review 11. What is the most appropriate control for this experiment? (what is the ‘normal condition’ we can use to compare?) A- Participants resting pulse rate 12. What are the controlled variables that would need to stay constant during the experiment? (circle all that apply) • a. Time spent exercising • b. Intensity of exercise • c. height of step

39. Stepping Up the Pace Lab • Find 3 desks to brace against a lab table for the step-ups • All three participants exercise at the SAME TIME • Research director is responsible for calling out when to step (YOU WILL HAVE TO BE ABLE TO COUNT BY 6’S AND 3’S FOR ONE MIN) • After exercise, participants NEVER STOP taking their pulse! • Write down your pulse every min!

40. Catalyst: What is the role of the alveoli in gas exchange? • Please draw the following image into your notes:

41. Catalyst: What do you expect to happen to a persons pulse and respiratory rate when they exercise? Agenda Catalyst Pre-Lab Stepping Up the Pace Lab Objectives • Follow simple experimental procedures • Collect and record data to examine how the cardiovascular system responds to environmental changes

42. Breath of Life Questions Revisited Homework Review • The gas exchange system; nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, lungs and diaphram. • Nosetracheavocalcordsbronchialtubeslungs alveoli • alveoli • Increases the amount of oxygen that can move into the body’s internal environment and the carbon dioxide that can move out. • The oxygen diffuses across the alveolar membranes • Hemoglobin is a special protein that is found on a red blood cell. It allows Oxygen (O2) from the atmosphere to bond to the red blood cell. • When you exercise your cells release more carbon dioxide. Blood becomes acidic in the presence of carbon dioxide. Nerves react to the increased acidity and send a message to the respiratory centers to increase your breathing rate.

43. Stepping Up the Pace Lab • Find 3 desks to brace against a lab table for the step-ups • All three participants exercise at the SAME TIME • Research director is responsible for calling out when to step (YOU WILL HAVE TO BE ABLE TO COUNT BY 6’S AND 3’S FOR ONE MIN) • After exercise, participants NEVER STOP taking their pulse! • Write down your pulse every min!

44. Homework • Answer questions 8-12 on your lab sheet

45. Catalyst: What is Homeostasis? How was your body maintaining homeostasis in the lab? Agenda Catalyst Homework Review Graphing & Analysis Objective SWBAT • Graph and analyze data from the ‘Stepping Up the Pace Lab” • Write a conclusion using data based evidence.

46. If you do NOT have data Use mine…

47. Analysis • Explain the purpose behind increasing the intensity of the exercise between trials. • Which participant had the largest increase in pulse rate during exercise 3? (IOD 501) • Which participant had the longest recovery time after exercise 3? (IOD 501) • Which participant had the greatest difference between their resting pulse rate and their maximum pulse rate? (IOD 401) • Which participant had the smallest difference between their resting pulse and their maximum pulse rate after exercising? (IOD401)

48. Conclusion • Main Idea - • Restate your hypothesis. Did you support or reject your hypothesis? • Evidence- • Use three pieces of evidence/data (exercise #, participant name, (#)pulse rate, unit) to support your claims from the M- section above • Link- • Explain your data in terms of how the circulatory and respiratory system work together to maintain homeostasis. • Conclusion- • Discuss how body systems work together to maintain homeostasis when affected by stimuli from the environment.

49. Homework • Read “Homeostasis” pg. 229-231 • Answer questions 1-7 in your NOTEBOOK

50. Catalyst: What is Homeostasis? How was your body maintaining homeostasis in the lab? Agenda Catalyst Homeostasis reading Review and reflect Objectives SWBAT • Write a conclusion based on data evidence. • Explain how homeostasis is maintained by body systems.