1 / 75

Geographic Concepts

Geographic Concepts. Unit One Ms. Taylor’s Human Geography. Geographic terms. Scale. The relationship between a portion of the earth you are looking at and the Earth as a whole.

eadoin
Download Presentation

Geographic Concepts

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Geographic Concepts Unit One Ms. Taylor’s Human Geography

  2. Geographic terms

  3. Scale • The relationship between a portion of the earth you are looking at and the Earth as a whole. • The smaller the scale, the larger the area covered (eg. Globe = small scale representation of the earth. Map of CSS campus = larger scale)

  4. Place • A specific point on Earth identified by a unique location (described by its place name, site, situation, or mathematical location)

  5. Toponym (place name)

  6. Situation (relative location) • “We’re the house situated next to the one with all the funky statues, near the entrance to Cheyenne Canyon.” (Helps find an unfamiliar place) • Chipotle’s situation so close to Cheyenne Mountain HS and CSS guarantees a brisk lunchtime visit. (Helps illustrate importance)

  7. Mathematical Location • Latitude • Longitude • Township and range coordinates (Land Ordinance of 1785)

  8. What is the location of CSS? • Using toponyms • Situationally speaking • Describe the site • Mathematical location http://www.findlatitudeandlongitude.com/find-address-from-latitude-and-longitude.php

  9. Region • Area distinguished by distinctive physical and/or cultural characteristics. • Examples: The American South; the Rocky Mountain West; Southern California; the Northwest; the Midwest; Africa; the Middle East

  10. Formal Region • Also called uniform or homogenous region • An area in which everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristic. (e.g. states, countries) • Or in which one characteristic dominates all others (Red: Republican vs. Blue (Democrat) states, wheat belt or “breadbasket”

  11. Functional Region • Also “nodal” regions • Organized around a “node” or focal point—center of service, circulation, or “hub” • Eg. Newspaper circulation

  12. Vernacular Region • Also called “perceptual region” • A place people believe exists as part of their cultural identity • Name often evokes clear pictures or stereotypes: “Dixie” or “the South,” “The North Country” • Not formal geographic region

  13. Space • Physical gap or between two objects • How much space is there between you and your neighbor? • How are the buildings on the CSS campus distributed across space? • Population across a given space gives you density

  14. Map Scale • The relationship between a distance on a map, chart, or photograph, and the corresponding distance on the Earth. • How do we know how far distances are from A to B on any given map? • Why does a map of Colorado take up the same amount of paper as a map of Rhode Island?

  15. Map scale: graphic

  16. Graphic and Ratio Scales

  17. Map Scale: Written • “One inch equals a mile” • “One centimeter equals 1000 kilometers”

  18. Connections • “relationships among people and things across space” • Examples: language ties, commercial connections, travel, common religions, the Internet

  19. Global Positioning System (GPS) • Uses satellites to reference location on the ground place in orbit by U.S. military • Navigation tool (planes, motorists, geocachers) • Tracking device (parents of errant adolescents) • www.OpenStreetMap.org

  20. Geographic Information System (GIS) • Computer can store, manipulate, layer geographic information • “Mashups” layers of various data sets • Highly pragmatic, flexible • Real Estate Applications: Zillow http://www.zillow.com/homes/80906_rb/#/homes/Southwest-Colorado-Springs-Colorado-Springs-CO-80906/93584_rid/38.872116,-104.612716,38.681548,-105.085128_rect/10_zm/ • What kind of a mash-up would you like to create and for what purpose?

  21. Remote Sensing • Using satellites that transmit digital data to s receiving station on earth in pixels (based on radiation emitted from tiny area on Earth). • For true geeks, check out this NASA tutorial! ( • http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/

  22. Hi. I’m Mundo. Did you know that how we “see” the world depends on how we project the world?

  23. Sometimes our point of view creates some interesting distortions….

  24. Africa U S A. South America

  25. The Earth is a sphere. Therefore, it cannot be projected on a flat map without distortion. The question is, which kind of distortion?

  26. Map Projections--Distortions inevitable: have to decide what aspects are most important to preserve: distance, shape, direction, area, and proximity--Match the projection with task at hand

  27. General classes of map projections

  28. Planar, cylindrical, and conical transfers or projections

  29. Conical, oval, and cylindrical

  30. Gerardus Mercator (1512-1594)Frontispiece to Mercator's Atlas siveCosmographicae, 1585-1595. Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Rare Book Division, Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection.

  31. Mercator

  32. On a Mercator projection, invented by Gerardus Mercator in 1569, any straight line is a line of constant compass bearing. This enables a navigator to plot a straight-line course.

  33. Interrupted Goode’s Homolosine

  34. Robinson Projection

  35. Sinusoidal interrupted mapThree “lobes” per hemisphere

  36. Three-lobe sinusoidal map

  37. Nine lobe sinusoidal map

  38. Star-shaped projection by German Hermann Berghaus,1879. 

More Related