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Wastewater Characterization

Wastewater Characterization. What characteristics of wastewater do we need to know?. For design, the effluent quality depends upon the influent characteristics . Influent characteristics Effluent characteristics. Wastewater source influences waste stream characteristics . Residential

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Wastewater Characterization

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  1. Wastewater Characterization

  2. What characteristics of wastewater do we need to know? For design, the effluent quality depends upon the influent characteristics Influent characteristics Effluent characteristics

  3. Wastewater source influences waste stream characteristics • Residential • Municipal • Commercial • Industrial • Agricultural

  4. Residential Raw Sewage Characteristics CFU = Colony-Forming Units Adapted From: US EPA Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual, EPA/625/R-00/008, US EPA Office of Water, 2002

  5. Non-domestic wastewater sources • Food Service Facilities: • restaurants • convenience stores including service stations and truck stops with food preparation facilities • Important concerns: • Cooking oils and animal fats • Detergents, trisodium phosphate (TSP) cleaning agents

  6. Non-domestic wastewater sources • Dairy processing • Milk products (protein, sugar, fats) • Meat processing facilities/ slaughterhouses • Blood • Hair • Cleaning agents (possibly acidic, caustic or both) • Fats, oil and grease.

  7. Non-domestic wastewater sources • Hospitals, clinics, veterinary facilities • Antibiotics • Heavy Metals • Pathogens • Pharmaceuticals

  8. Non-domestic wastewater sources • Car Washes • Soap • Grit • Particulates • “Road tar” • Petroleum wastes

  9. Non-domestic wastewater sources • Photography laboratories • Photographic chemicals • Heavy Metals • Solvents • Beauty salons • Hair treatment chemicals • Dyes, hydrogen peroxide • soap and shampoo

  10. Non-domestic wastewater sources • Laundries and dry cleaners • Lint • Particulates • Dry cleaning agents • Acidic and caustic compounds • Soaps • Dyes

  11. Non-domestic wastewater sources • Schools • cafeterias • chemistry and biology laboratories • photography and journalism laboratories • home economics laboratories • TSP from “chemical dishwashers.”

  12. Fats, Oil and Grease AKA: FOG or Grease or Grease and Oil • Temperature at which the grease congeals • Liquid oils and solid shortening • High temperature dishwashers and low temperature dishwashers • Chemical dishwashers • Dishwashing detergents • Grease traps

  13. Determining Wastewater Characteristics • Sampling • Grab Samples • Composite Samples • 24-hour composites • One-hour composites • Treatability Studies • Determining reaction rates • Determining toxicity characteristics • Determining sludge production (biomass) rates if considering suspended solids reactor for pretreatment

  14. The Concept of LOAD Load = Concentration X Flow (load is the mass flow rate)

  15. Residential Wastewater Flows (3) aBased on indoor water use monitoring and not wastewater flow monitoring bLiters per person per day in parentheses cBased on two weeks of continuous monitoring in each of two seasons at each home

  16. Hourly Variation in Wastewater Flow

  17. Hourly Variation in Wastewater Flow • Restaurants: dishwashing and food prep • Schools: lunch time • Homes: Morning water usage, evening water usage, laundry day water usage • Grocery Stores: nighttime cleaning activities, monthly floor stripping and cleaning activities

  18. Conclusions • Influent wastewater concentrations and flows (load) affect effluent water quality • Wastewater characteristics depend upon the activity of the generating establishment

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