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Mini Lecture 1 Module : Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

Learn about the link between tobacco use and cancer risks. Understand smoking's impact on lung, digestive, and urogenital cancers, as well as the benefits of tobacco cessation on cancer management.

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Mini Lecture 1 Module : Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

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  1. TOBACCO AND CARCINOGENESIS Mini Lecture 1 Module: Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  2. Objectives of the Mini Lecture GOAL OF MODULE: Increase students’ knowledge of the potential threat of developing cancer in different parts of the body as a result of tobacco use. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will understand: • How smoking causes lung cancer. • How tobacco is a risk factor for digestive cancers. • The types of urogenital cancer associated with smoking. • The adverse effects of smoking on cancer management. • The effects of tobacco cessation on risk and management of cancers.

  3. Contents Core Slides Optional Slides Nicotine Addiction and Invasive Cancers • Carcinogenic Content of Cigarettes • Tobacco Carcinogenesis Mechanism (1) • Tobacco Carcinogenesis Mechanism (2) • Behavioural Model of Tobacco Addiction

  4. CORE SLIDES Tobacco and Carcinogenesis Mini Lecture 1 Module: Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  5. Carcinogenic Content of Cigarettes • Cigarette smoke: • Contains 72 carcinogens3 • Most potent are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNs) http://www.bloodindex.org/images/smoking.gif 1. Shields 2000; 3. Hecht 2011

  6. Tobacco CarcinogenesisMechanism (1) • First PAH (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon) identified as a carcinogen in tobacco smoke was benzopyrene. • Benzopyrene and acrolein irreversibly binds to DNA, causes mutations and cancer.1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benzopyrene_DNA_adduct_1JDG.png 1. Hecht 1999

  7. Tobacco CarcinogenesisMechanism (2) • Nicotine, per se, is not carcinogenic or mutagenic. • However, it inhibits apoptosis, therefore accelerating existing cancers.1 • NNK, a nicotine derivative converted from nicotine, can be carcinogenic.2 http://www.curingdeath.com/images/thumbnails/pah-reactive-oxygen.jpg 1. Hoffmann and Hecht 1985; 2. Tsurutani et al. 2005

  8. Biobehavioural Model of Nicotine Addictionand Tobacco Related Cancers • Social Factors • Culture • SES • Peer/family/media influences • politics Behavioural, Neurochemical and Psychological Factors Tobacco use Dependence Cessation Relapse • Psychological Factors • Co morbidity • Personality • Stress Cancer • Biological Factors • Genetics • Nutrition 1. Hiatt and Rimer 1999

  9. OPTIONAL SLIDES Tobacco and Carcinogenesis Mini Lecture 1 Module: Tobacco Effects and Neoplasia

  10. Nicotine Addiction and Invasive Cancer • Long -term exposure of DNA to metabolically activated carcinogens leads to formation of DNA adducts (pieces of DNA that are covalently bonded to a cancer causing chemical) and resultant genetic changes. • This barrage of DNA damage, taking place daily over many years, is fully consistent with multiple genetic changes in lung cancer. • The time frame and sequence of genetic changes are uncertain. 1. Hecht 2002

  11. The most important health message a doctor can give to patients is to quit smoking.

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