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INDIAN POWER SCENARIO PAST,PRESENT,FUTURE

INDIAN POWER SCENARIO PAST,PRESENT,FUTURE. By JITENDRA KUMAR BAL CHIEF MANAGER (HRD) POWERGRID EDC, HYDERABAD. INDIAN POWER SYSTEM – GROWTH EVOLUTION. Installed capacity growth from 1349MW in 1947 to 140GW by 2007 and 210 GW by 2012

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INDIAN POWER SCENARIO PAST,PRESENT,FUTURE

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  1. INDIAN POWER SCENARIOPAST,PRESENT,FUTURE By JITENDRA KUMAR BAL CHIEF MANAGER (HRD) POWERGRID EDC, HYDERABAD

  2. INDIAN POWER SYSTEM – GROWTH EVOLUTION • Installed capacity growth from 1349MW in 1947 to 140GW by 2007 and 210 GW by 2012 • Transmission system transformed from isolated small grids to state grids and inter state grids. • Formation of state grid in 1960s • Formation of Regional grids in 1970s • Asynchronous interconnection of regional gridsin 1990s • Towards formation of National grid from 2000 onwards

  3. Total Installed capacity (Present) Thermal – 92565 MW Hydro - 36033 MW Nuclear - 4120 MW RES - 12194 MW 1 44 913 MW Thermal – Hydro Mix 74:26 Per capita consumption (04-05) 606 units/year Villages yet to be electrified 154230 All India Peak demand(April-07) 104007 MW Demand met (April-07) 89602 MW All India Deficit April to June 08 14.75% INDIAN POWER SYSTEM – SIGNIFICANT PARAMETERS AS ON 30.06.08

  4. PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION – A COMPARISON World average per capita consumption 3012units per annum US 12250 units Australia 10905 units UK 5710 units China 1651units India 606units Pakistan 431 units

  5. INDIAN POWER SYSTEM – VILLAGES YET TO BE ELECTRIFIED Total No. of Villages : 593732 Villages Electrified : 439615 %Villages Electrified : 74% Villages yet to be Electrified : 154117

  6. 765/800kV 2013ckm 400kV 70565ckm 220kV 110916ckm HVDC 5872ckm INDIAN POWER SYSTEM – TRANSMISSION NETWORK

  7. SOUTHERN REGION POWER SYSTEM – AT GLANCEAs on JUNE 08 • ALL INDIA INSTALLED CAPACITY • NR ---- 38237 MW • WR ---- 44768 MW • ER ----- 19809 MW • SR ---- 39656 MW • NER --- 2366 MW • ISLANDS- 76 MW

  8. SOUTHERN REGION POWER SYSTEM – AT GLANCEAs on April 08 • INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SOUTHERN REGION • AP - – 9455 MW • KARNATAKA – - 7672 MW • TAMILNADU - - 10846 MW • KERALA - - 2311 MW • PONDY - 33 MW • CGS - 9340 MW • TOTAL - 39656 MW • GROSS DEMAND MET - 25714 MW • GROSS UNRESTRICTED REQ IN SR- 26737 MW • DEFICIT - 1023 MW May 08.

  9. HVDC BACK TO BACK LINKS – Evolution ofNational Grid NR 1.VINDYACHAL 2.CHANDRAPUR 3.GAZUWAKA 4.SASARAM ER Stage –I National Grid completed Interlinking all the Regions with HVDC Back to Back links. SR

  10. ASYNCHRONOUS LINKS –Part of National Grid NER NER RIHAND-DELHI -- 1500 MW CHANDRAPUR-PADGE – 1500 MW TALCHER-KOLAR – 2000 MW SILERU-BARASORE - 100 MW HVDC BTB VINDYACHAL – 500 MW HVDC BTB CHANDRAPUR –1000 MW HVDC BTB VIZAG - 500 MW HVDC BTB SASARAM - 500 MW NR NR ER ER SR SR

  11. 1 NORTHERN REGION NORTH-EASTERN REGION EASTERN REGION 2 WESTERNREGION 3 SOUTHERN REGION EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL GRID 3 ELECTRICAL REGIONS With the commissioning of Raipur-Rourkela between WR and ER during March 2003, Indian power system operating in three electrical Regions.

  12. NORTHERN REGION 1 NORTH-EASTERN REGION EASTERN REGION WESTERNREGION 2 SOUTHERN REGION EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL GRID 2 ELECTRICAL REGIONS With the Commissioning of the Tala Transmission system during Oct 06 the E.R ,W.R and N.R Grids were synchronised and Indian Power systems is operating on Two Electrical Grids.

  13. POWER SYSTEM – 2012 Target • Installed capacity growth from 140GW in 2007 to 210GW in 2012. • Transmission system voltage up gradation from 400kV to 765KV for HVAC systems and from ±500kV to ±800kV for HVDC systems. • Enhancement in Inter Regional power transfer capacity from the present 13700 MW to 37000MW in 2012.

  14. POWER SYSTEM – 2012 Target • ESTABLISHMENT OF ULTRA MEGA POWER PLANTS WITH ASSOCIATED TRANSMISSION SYSTEM • MUNDRA –GUJARAT – 4000 MW – BY TATAS-WORK COMMENCED • SASAN – M.P - 4000 MW – BY RELIANCE-WORK COMMENCED. • KRISHNAPATNAM-AP- 4000 MW.- BY RELIANCE • TILAIYA –JHARKAND – 4000 MW ---Bids yet to be opened. • GIRYE – MAHARASTRA –4000 MW • TADRI – KARNATAKA --- 4000 MW • AKALTARA – CHATTISGARH – 4000 MW • 7 such Power plants (28000 MW) of above size are planned to be taken up in the entire country during NEXT 7 YEARS . 2 more plants identification is under progress by PFC. In T.N , Orissa

  15. POWER SYSTEM – 2012 Target • KRISHNAPATNAM- TRANSMISSION SYSTEM • 3 * D/C lines 400 KV QUAD MOOSE (One D/C to Kurnool , One DC To Nellore and One D/C to Gooty ) • 765 kV line from Kurnool to Raichur • 765 kV 2 S/C from Raichur to Sholapur • 765 kV sub stations at kurnool & Raichur with 3000 MVA transformation each. (Single phase Transformers each 500 MVA) . LINE REACTORS OF EACH 240 MVAR at either end. (1 Ph 80 MVAR)

  16. POWER SYSTEM – VISION 2022 • Installed capacity at 600GW • Likely additions • Hydro :80GW • Coal based :80GW • Coastal :90GW (Imported fuel) • Nuclear :90GW • Distributed Gen :50GW • Next five decades Nuclear power predominates upto 35 % total power generated by 2050. • By 2050 11 to 12 Lakhs MW required and 3 lakhs MW from Nuclear.

  17. POWER SCENARIO BEYOND 2025 • Peak Demand : 450000MW • Installed capacity :600000MW • Inter Regional capacity :140000MW • Need to go for super grid with transmission voltage level: 1200kV UHVAC & ±800kV HVDC • Support Tr. Network: 765kV EHVAC and ±500kV HVDC • Sub Transmission network : 400kV HVAC Transmission system

  18. 400kv 66/ 33kV AC 220 kv 11kV AC 132 Kv 0. 4 kV AC 2025 – Hierarchy of Transmission & Distribution Distribution Sub transmission Transmission 1200kV UHVAC ICT ICT 765kV EHVAC 800 kV UHVDC Generating stations

  19. Grid Operation 2025 – Major challenges • Reactive power Management • 1200kV UHVAC line generates about 6MVAR/KM • 400kV HVAC line generates about 0.55 MVAR/KM • High short circuit levels (70-100KA) • 1200kV UHVAC line generates about 6MVAR/KM

  20. SUPER GRID / HYBRID GRID APPILCATION TO THE TUNE OF 1.00 Lakh MW Capacity Addition in LTOA NOW ITSELF REQUIREMENT OF INTELLEGENT GRID

  21. NATIONAL GRID OPERATION – PRESENT PRACTICE • INDIA IS DIVIDED INTO 5 ELECTRICAL REGIONS TO FECILITATE • BETTER GRID MANAGEMENT • ELIMINATION OF TOTAL BLACK OUTS • QUICK RESTORATION IN THE EVENT OF FAILURES. • OPERATION OF REGIONAL GRIDS WITH SOUND COMMERCIAL PRINCIPLES

  22. GRID MANAGEMENT & LOAD DISPATCH CENTERS N L D C NRLDC ERLDC SRLDC WRLDC NERLDC CPCC APTRANS KPTCL TNEB KSEB PONDY

  23. RLDC - FUNCTIONS • Monitoring of system parameters and Grid security. • To ensure the integrated operation of theRegional Grids • System studies, planning and contingency analysis. Analysis of tripping/disturbances and facilitating immediate remedial measures. • Daily scheduling and operational planning. • Facilitating bilateral and inter-regional exchanges. • Computation of energy despatch and drawal values using SEMs. • Augmentation of telemetry, computing and communication facilities

  24. RLDC – MAJOR ACHEIVEMENTS • Improved system parameters ever since the implementation of Availability based tariff. • Sharp decline in the Grid disturbances. • High system security & redundant system operation with the implementation of real time data acquisition system. • Ease in commercial accounting system

  25. AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF -- ABT IT IS A THREE PART TARIFF SYSTEM a) Fixed/Capacity charges for the Generator b) Energy Charges c) Charges for Deviation which is frequency linked (UI) 2. Normal frequency range 49.0 to 50.50 Hz 3. UI charges – The generating station has to abide by the declaration of availability on each day .If Generator generates less than declared at low frequency , the generator is penalised. If the deviations are above High frequency side the generator will not be entitled for payment.

  26. AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF -ABT The UI rate varies according to the frequency prevailing in the grid UI rate in paise/Unit 745 16 paise/Kwh for 0.02 Hz step 337 9 Paise/Kwh for 0.02 Hz 228 6 Paise/Kwh for 0.02 Hz 0 50.5 49 49.5 49.8 Frequency in Hz Total Payment for the day = Capacity charges + Energy charge ± UI char

  27. IMPLIMENTATION OF ABT

  28. AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF -ABT Reactive Energy charges : To control the voltage in the grid additional charges in the form of Reactive energy charges are also charged Payable for i) VAR drawl at voltage below 97 % of Voltage level ii) VAR injection at voltage above 103 %of voltage level b) Receivable for i) VAR injection at voltage below 97% of Voltage ii) VAR drawl at voltages above 103 % of voltage level c) Applied for VAR exchanges between i)Beneficiary system and ISTS through pool account ii) Two beneficiary systems on inter –state ties by themselves Reactive Energy charges are @ 4 paise/KVARh with an escalation 5 % per year.

  29. AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF -ABT ADVANTAGES OF ABT -- FACILITATES GRID DISCIPLINE -- FACILITATES TRADING IN CAPACITY AND ENERGY -- FACILITATES MERIT ORDER DESPATCH AS AND WHEN MADE EFFECTIVE -- IMPROVED FREQUENCY AND VOLTAGE -- ECONOMIC DESPATCH

  30. AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF -ABT FREQUENCY COMPARISION Jan 02 & Jan 03

  31. AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF -ABT FREQUENCY COMPARISION Feb 02 & Feb 03

  32. 100 Minor 74 80 Major 53 60 40 Grid Disturbances 20 7 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Year Minimum Grid disturbances after ABT Feb 02 & Feb 03

  33. DEFINITION OF “OPEN ACCESS” IN THE ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003 “The non-discriminatory provision for the use of transmission lines or distribution system or associated facilities with such lines or system by any licensee or consumer or a person engaged in generation in accordance with the regulations specified by the Appropriate Commission” CERC’s Order on Open Access is effective from 06.02.2004

  34. Salient Features of CERC Order / Regulations • Open Access customers categorised : Short-Term - Upto One year. Long-Term - Twenty Five years or more • All Open Access customers to abide by Indian Electricity Grid Code.

  35. NODAL AGENCY FOR OPEN ACCESS • For Short-Term Customers • RLDC of the Region in which the drawal point is located. • For Long-Term Customers • Central Transmission Utility (CTU) • STU of the region in which the drawal point is located when CTU system is not involved.

  36. POWERGRID – AT GLANCE MISSION : Establishment and operation of Regional and National Power Grid to facilitate transfer of power within and across the regions with Reliability, Security and Economy on sound commercial principles. Total length of transmission lines ---- 68035 Ckt Km Total no. of 400 kv/220kv/132 kv S/S – 113 Nos Total transformation capacity --- 74382 MVA as on 30.05.08 Transmission system availability -- > 98.5 % First power utility to get ISO-9001 certificate

  37. Total Transmission network - 400kV HVAC - 500kV HVDC 11176.26 Ckt km 2016 Ckt km Total Transformation capacity 10008 MVA Inter Regional Transfer capacity 4000 MW No. of 400kV sub stations 23 No. of HVDC Back to Back links 2 No. of HVDC Terminal stations 1 No. of 220kV GIS sub station 1 POWERGRID – SOUTHERN REGION – AT GLANCE As on 01.04.08

  38. ABOUT POWERGRID • POWERGRID HAS EXPERTISE IN THE FOLLOWING • UPTO 800 KV AC SYSTEMS • ± 500 KV HVDC SYSTEMS • GAS INSULATED SUB STATIONS • STATIC VAR COMPENSATORS • SERIES COMPENSATION • CONTROLLED SHUNT REACTORS • FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

  39. ABOUT POWERGRID • CONSULTANCY WORKS AT ABROAD • Construction of 220 KV , 200 KM long Transmission line • in Afghanistan which is at a height of 4000 Mts above • sea level with snow for 9 months. • Execution of Optical Fibre network / Transmission system in Bhutan. • Construction of 400KV GIS and associated transmission network at Dubai

  40. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS & CHALLENGES ESTABLISHED ASYCHRONOUS NATIONAL GRID WITH THE HELP OF HVDC LINKS/ HVDC TRANSMISSION 2. ESTABLISHED UNIFIED LOAD DISPATCH SCHEMES IN SR,NR,ER. ULDC WORKS ARE UNDER PROGRESS IN WR 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF SYNCHRONOUS NATIONAL GRID BY 2012 4. ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL BACKBONE TELECOM NETWORK

  41. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS & CHALLENGES STRENGTHENING OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION OF 87300 VILLAGES IN 68 DISTRICTS OF 9 STATES. INVESTMENT TO THE TUNE OF Rs 70,000 CRORES ENVISAGED BY 2012 SETTING UP OF SUPER GRID AND HYBRID GRID BEYOND 2017

  42. UNIFIED LOAD DISPATCH SCHEMES – ULDC POWERGRID IMPLEMENTED LOAD DISPATCH AND COMMUNICATION SCHEMES THROUGH OUT COUNTRY ER, NR,SR ULDC SCHEMES ARE COMPLETED AND PRESENTLY UNDER OPERATION BENEFITS OF ULDC ECONOMIC DISPATCH OF POWER AMONG THE REGIONS/STATES ON REAL TIME BASIS. EFFECTIVE MONOTORING OF REAL/REACTIVE POWER FLOWS AND AVOIDS GRID DISTURBANCES NLDC IS UNDER FINAL STAGE OF COMPLETION

  43. TELECOM NETWORK 1. POWERGRID ESTABLISHED TELECOM BACKBONE NETWORK OF ABOUT 14000 KMS TO CONNECT 56 CITIES 2. OUT OF 14000 KM ,-- 10 000 KM ARE WITH OPGW AND 4000 KM WITH OPTIC FIBRE CABLE 3. 56 CITIES SHALL BE CONNECTED TO TELECOM NETWORK IN 1ST PHASE. 4. PRESENTLY TELECOM ROUTES ARE UNDER OPERATION A, DELHI – MUMBAI B. DELHI – CHANDIGARH C. DELHI -- JAIPUR

  44. THANK YOU

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