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Ron Wyzga, SC. D., FASA Senior Technical Executive AWMA Annual Meeting June 25, 2014

Commentary on the Critical Review Public Health and Components of Particulate Matter: The Changing Assessment of Black Carbon. Ron Wyzga, SC. D., FASA Senior Technical Executive AWMA Annual Meeting June 25, 2014. Critical Review. Good compendium of literature

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Ron Wyzga, SC. D., FASA Senior Technical Executive AWMA Annual Meeting June 25, 2014

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  1. Commentary on the Critical Review Public Health and Components of Particulate Matter:The Changing Assessment of Black Carbon Ron Wyzga, SC. D., FASA Senior Technical Executive AWMA Annual MeetingJune 25, 2014

  2. Critical Review • Good compendium of literature • Rightfully points to role for BC • Needs to go beyond BC • other components • surrogacy • BC, OC as mixtures

  3. Rohr – Wyzga Paper • Reviewed literature through February 2012 • Epidemiology, toxicological, human clinical studies • Acute studies only (exposures ≤ 1 week) • No judgments about study methods, analyses • Studies had to consider at last 2 components and PM2.5 • Quantitative results were presented • Considered the most significant positive result

  4. Results – Epidemiological Studies Overall • 39 studies considered PM2.5 and at least 2 components • CVD response

  5. Results Epidemiological Studies II • Respiratory responses 15/26 studies for carbon-containing particles 12/27 studies for sulfates • Asthma 7/20 studies for carbon • Not much consideration of metals in epi studies • Ni, V, Cu, Si, K found greatest effects

  6. Limitations/Caveats • Considered any significant positive results • Methodologies not evaluated • No consideration of measurement error • Multiple comparison issue • Surrogacy issue • Two pollutant models not addressed

  7. Ito et al Results x = statistically significant

  8. Overall Conclusion • No major component is exonerated • More evidence for carbon-containing particles • Definition needs to be clarified • Need to go beyond EC • Some concern for metals, especially Ni, V with cardiovascular and respiratory; Al, Si with respiratory endpoints

  9. Health Analyses of Thermal Desorption Data Atlanta & Birmingham (2006 - 2009), Dallas (2006 – 2007) Health Data: • Medicare enrollees (>64 yr) • Total emergency CVD and respiratory related hospital admissions Air Pollution Data: • PM2.5 condensed-phase primary OC species (TD-GCMS) grouped by their chemical structure • At least 75% non-missing observations • At least 50% above the LOD • IQR/median > 0.3 • All criteria satisfied in all 3 cities

  10. Thermal Desorption Data: Atlanta, Birmingham, Dallas Combined Total CVD

  11. Conclusions • EC, OC are mixtures • Some components may be more important in predicting health effects than others • Need more detailed measurements to unravel air pollution – health issue

  12. Possibilities for EC • EC bad actor • EC, others bad actors • EC + other bad actors • EC a surrogate

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