November 18 th and 19 th

1. November 18thand 19th • Turn in Alex the Great Maps • Collect papers off bookshelf • Work on Warm-Up #13 at your desk • Write homework in agenda

2. Agenda for today • Warm-Up #13 • Essential Questions • Who were Sophocles, Plato, and Aristotle? • Describe the accomplishments of Hippocrates, Ptolemy, Euclid, and Archimedes • Significant Figures in Greece Notes • Library Time to work on outlines • Homework: • Section 5.5 work and bring S.S. Fair materials

3. Ancient Greece Significant Figures

4. Sophocles • One of Athens’ greatest playwrights who was born in Athens around 496 B.C.E. • Most famous play is Oedipus Rex, which is about the tragic fall of a powerful king

5. Sophocles • Used three actors instead of two and increased the size of the chorus in his plays • First playwright to use painted backdrops for scenery • Told a complete story in a single play, unlike earlier playwrights who often took three plays to complete their plots

6. Plato • A philosopher and a teacher who was born in Athens around 427 B.C.E. • Student and close friend of Sophocles

7. Plato • Wrote The Republic, in which he said that the best society was one where every citizen performed the task that they were best suited for • Founded The Academy, which is considered the first important institution of high learning in the Western world and taught philosophy, law, math, and astronomy

9. Aristotle • A philosopher and a scientist who was born in northern Greece around 384 B.C.E. • Studied under Plato for 20 years • Wrote about all branches of learning, including philosophy, biology, math, and drama

10. Aristotle • Founded the Lyceum, a center for studying science and history • Wrote History of Animals in which he gave detailed descriptions of animal and fish life • With his students’ help, he classified more than 500 types of animals

11. Hippocrates • Referred to as the “father of medicine” • He was the first physician to reject superstitions and beliefs that credited supernatural or divine forces with causing illness • Believed to have written the Hippocratic Oath, which is an oath traditionally taken by physicians pertaining to the ethical practice of medicine

13. Ptolemy • An astronomer who practiced in the second century B.C.E. • He incorrectly placed the earth at the center of the solar system, and idea which astronomers accepted for the next 14 centuries • Said the order of the planets was Earth, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, then Saturn

15. Euclid • A highly regarded mathematician who opened a school of geometry in Alexandria • His book, The Elements, contained 465 geometry propositions and proofs • Muslim and European universities used The Elements until well into the 1900s and it is sometimes said that only the Bible has been more widely used and studied

17. Archimedes • Another important Hellenistic scientist, from Syracuse, who studied at Alexandria • He accurately estimated the value of pi to be between 3 10/71 and 3 1/7 • He also explained the law of the lever and invented the compound pulley to lift heavy objects • He also built a catapult, or missile-throwing machine, and the Archimedes screw, a device that raised water from the ground