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The French Revolution: 1789

The French Revolution: 1789. Prelude. 1789. Convocation of the Estates General The National Assembly The Tennis Court Oath The Constituant Assemble The Fall of the Bastille The Great Fear. The Convocation of the Estates General. Institution which had existed since the Middle Ages

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The French Revolution: 1789

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  1. The French Revolution:1789 Prelude

  2. 1789 • Convocation of the Estates General • The National Assembly • The Tennis Court Oath • The Constituant Assemble • The Fall of the Bastille • The Great Fear

  3. The Convocationof the Estates General • Institution which had existed since the Middle Ages • The king called this assembly when grave problems confronted the kingdom • The assembly was composed of three orders • The assembly’s role was to advise the king • Previous assembly - 1614 (!)

  4. Printemps 1789 • In the provinces, elections were held to choose deputies to the Estates General • Cahiers de doléances (books of grievances) • Were drawn up in every district • They expressed the complaints of the people and their desires for reform • They expressed the love of the people for the king and the monarchy

  5. Opening Ceremony of the Estates General (5 mai 1789) The three orders met in Versailles on May 5, 1789

  6. How to work? Traditionally, each order worked separately However, the deputies of the Third Estate wanted all the orders to work together How to vote? Vote by order In this case, each order has one vote (nobles + clergy vs. The Third Estate) Vote by head Each deputy would have one vote Third Estate = nobles + clergy Two Problems Arose

  7. Rupture • The king refuses to allow one voice / one vote and he refused to allow the three orders to work together • So, the Third Estate begins to work alone • Several members of the lower clergy decide to join forces with the Third Estate

  8. National AssemblyJune 17, 1789 • On June 17, the majority of the deputies of the Third Estate decide that they represent the majority of the nation • Therefore, they proclaim themselves to be the National Assembly • They immediately begin to pass laws • This was a direct challenge to royal authority

  9. The King Fights Back • The king refuses to allow the three orders to work together • He decides to hold a séance royale on the 23 of June (a session during which the king is present) • In the meantime, he closes the room where the Third Estate regularly met • The deputies adjourn to an adjacent room, the Tennis Court

  10. The Tennis Court OathJune 20, 1789 The deputies vow not to separate until they have given France a constitution.

  11. The séance royaleJune 23, 1789 • The king presides over the séance royale and orders the deputies to separate and work as individual orders • After the king’s departure, Mirabeau (deputy from Aix-en-Provence) says: “Tell the king that we are here by the will of the people and that we will only leave by the force of bayonets.”

  12. The King CapitulatesJune 27, 1789 • The people of Versailles are ready to revolt • Finally, the king capitulates and allows the three orders to: • Work together • Vote by head and not by order • With this act, he puts an end to the Estates General

  13. The Constituant AssemblyJuly 9, 1789 • Henceforth, the kingdom has a national assembly that represents the entire nation • The assembly assumes the name of the Constituant Assembly and begins to write a constitution • Two fears: • The reaction of the nobility • An uncontrollable popular uprising

  14. The Aristocratic Reaction • The Court pushes the king to react • He places 20,000 soldiers around Versailles • He dismisses Necker (a reform minister) • He certainly intends to dissolve the Constituant Assembly • Faced with these threats, the people of Paris are up in arms

  15. The Paris UprisingJuly 13, 1789 • On July 12, Paris learns that Necker has been dismissed • People take to the streets • Camille Desmoulins encourages the mob to arm themselves Camille Demoulins

  16. The Paris UprisingJuly 13, 1789 • At City Hall in Paris, a new municipal council is formed to maintain peace and order • A municipal militia is also created (the future National Guard) • Lafayette is named chief of the municipal militia Lafayette

  17. The Fall of the BastilleJuly 14, 1789 • The rioters look for arms and munitions • They go to the Bastille, symbol of royal absolutism • After 4 hours, the fortress falls • Defenders of the Bastille are massacred

  18. The Destruction of the BastilleJuly 16, 1789 • On July 16, the complete destruction of the Bastille is undertaken to symbolize the victory of the people over tyranny

  19. A False Reconciliation • The king withdraws his soldiers • He comes to Paris where Bailly (mayor of Paris) gives him the keys to the city • Lafayette offers him a tricolor cocarde which the king places on his hat • He seems to have accepted the Revolution Bailly offers to keys of the city to the king

  20. Unrest • Violence continues in the large cities of the kingdom • The people chase out the former notables • The former representatives of royal authority disappear • The people in the towns have seized power

  21. Unrest • At Versailles, worry turns to panic • Members of the royal family flee to foreign countries • This is the beginning of the emigration – the flight of the royals from France

  22. The White TerrorSummer 1789 • In the countryside, peasants arm themselves, go to the chateaux of the nobles and destroy records • They kill the noble and set the chateau on fire • This is the peasant revolt The White Terror

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