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Surviving Hard Times

Surviving Hard Times. Franklin Roosevelt’s First Inaugural Address. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882 –1945) served as the 32nd President of the United States and was elected to four terms in office. He served from 1933-1945, and is the only President to serve more than two terms.

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Surviving Hard Times

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  1. Surviving Hard Times

  2. Franklin Roosevelt’s First Inaugural Address • Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882 –1945) served as the 32nd President of the United States and was elected to four terms in office. • He served from 1933-1945, and is the only President to serve more than two terms. • During the Great Depression of the 1930s, Roosevelt created the New Deal to provide relief for the unemployed, recovery of the economy, and reform of the economic system. • His most famous legacies include the Social Security system and the regulation of Wall Street. • His aggressive use of an active federal government reenergized the Democratic party. Roosevelt built the New Deal coalition that dominated politics into the 1960s. • Roosevelt's administration redefined liberalism for subsequent generations and realigned the Democratic Party based his the New Deal

  3. The Federal Writers Project • The Federal Writers Project (FWP) was one part of the New Deal for the Arts or Federal Project No. 1 that: • funded written work • supported writers, editors, historians, and researchers • The FWP produced the American Guide Series that detailed the histories and described the towns and cities of each state, as well as the Alaskan Territory, Puerto Rico, and Washington D.C.. • The FWP also created a collection of oral histories taken from people of every strata of American life, known collectively as American Life Histories.

  4. The Federal Music Project • The Federal Music Project (FMP) was one part of the New Deal for the Arts or Federal Project No. 1 that funded: • musicians • conductors • composers. • The FMP organized the Composers Forum Laboratory, created orchestras, and, among other things, began research in American ethnomusicology. • Zora Neale Hurston, one of the more prolific writers of the FWP was involved with the FMP ethnomusicology. • She looked at negro culture in the south and collected numerous work songs and spirituals. • She recorded many of these songs, along with her explanation of their history and development.

  5. Federal Theater Project • The Federal Theater Project (FTP) was one part of the New Deal for the Arts or Federal Project No. 1 that funded: • theater artists • Playwrights • producers. • The program brought affordable entertainment to the masses. • The FTP produced a number of mainstream productions, such as Malone's Dr. Faustus and Shakespeare's Macbeth. • However, it also developed the Living Newspaper. This new style of theater that presented documentaries on contemporary social issues.

  6. The Federal Art Project • The Federal Art Project (FAP) was one part of the New Deal for the Arts or Federal Project No. 1 that funded artists around the country. • FAP artists primarily produced paintings and murals, but also worked as researchers and teachers. • FAP works were quickly seen all across the country in city halls, post offices, and school buildings. • One of the most prolific artists funded by the project was Jackson Pollock, whose work during the Depression Era was much more representative than his later work. Pollock did not employ the same technique as the majority of FAP artists and was expressly more abstract than the mainstream. This selection is entitled Male and Female.

  7. The Documentary Impulse: The Photograph • Throughout the 1930's many artists, novelists, journalists, photographers and filmmakers attempted to document the unique situation of the American people during such a hard times. • This "Documentary Impulse" became a popular method of expression, most commonly done with the photograph. • Roy Stryker, Dorothea Lange, Walker Evans, Arthur Rothstein, and Marion Post Wolcott were prominent photographers who contributed to a significant visual record of the Great Depression. This well known photograph was taken by Dorothea Lange.

  8. The Marx Brothers • The Marx Brothers were born in New York City, the sons of German Jewish Immigrants • They got their start as a comedy troupe on the Vaudeville stage and created an empire of films and television programs. • Chico (Leonard), Harpo (Adolph), Groucho, (Julius), Zeppo (Herbert), and Gummo (Milton) began a variety act and accidentally stumbled into comedy while performing in Texas. • Gummo left the group before they began making movies because he did not enjoy performance, thus the Four Marx Brothers became world famous.

  9. Radio • The proliferation of radio, used primarily by the military until 1920, affected American culture as profoundly as the movies. • After war-time restrictions on civilian radio use were lifted, amateurs began experimenting with broadcasting. • As the popularity of radio expanded, advertisers began sponsoring radio shows to appeal to consumers. • Programs such as variety shows, Amos and Andy, sports broadcasts, and regionally isolated music like jazz and country-western were heard nationwide. • By the end of the decade, 40% of homes had radio receivers.

  10. The Grapes of Wrath • The Documentary Impulse extended beyond photographs and into the written word. • The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, published in 1939, was one of the most influential books of the Great Depression. • It follows the story of Tom Joad, who returns from prison to Oklahoma in the midst of the Depression to find his homeland destitute and his family on the road to California to find work. • The novel details their miserable journey across the country and the hardships they endure.

  11. Gone With the Wind • Gone With the Wind was published in 1936 by Margaret Mitchell • It was made into a film in 1939 starring Vivian Leigh and Clark Gabel. • The story is epic; following the life of a rebellious young woman from Georgia named Scarlett O'Hara through her experience in the South, the Civil War, and Reconstruction.

  12. Multimedia Citations • Slide 2: http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/fdr.jpg • Slide 3: http://www.thenewpress.com/title_images/1609.cover.jpg • Slide 4: http://www.broward.org/library/images/lii10294.jpg • Slide 5: http://memory.loc.gov/music/ftp/fprpb/1092/10920005/0001v.jpg • Slide 6: http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/pollock/ • Slide 7: http://www.theroadwanderer.net/66Oklahoma/images/OKmigrantMother.jpg • Slide 8: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bobhope/images/vcvg25.jpg • Slide 9: http://www.zeltser.com/radio-history/radio-broadcast-large.jpg • Slide 10: http://www.niksula.hut.fi/~hrajala/ClassicFilms/grapes.gif • Slide 11: http://history.acusd.edu/gen/Filmnotes/images/gwtw-book.jpg

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